Disease relevance of GZMH

• Comparison of clinically nonpalpable prostate-specific antigen-detected (cT1c) versus palpable (cT2) prostate cancers in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy [1].

High impact information on GZMH

• Alike mammalian galectin-1, a CGL-2 mutant defective in beta-galactoside binding, does not get exported from CHO cells [2].
• Polymorphism of the CTLA1 gene on chromosome 14 [3].
• The intervening sequences are much less conserved, except for introns 3 of the CGL-1 and CGL-2 genes, which are 93% identical [4].
• CGL-2/h-CCPX is expressed at much lower levels in activated peripheral blood lymphocytes, LAK and NK cells [4].
• Serum samples from these patients were co-cultured with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from volunteers in the presence or absence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen (CTLA) 4 immunoglobulin, a specific inhibitor of antigen-dependent T cell activation [5].

Biological context of GZMH

• The gene order is centromere-T cell receptor alpha/delta-CGL-1/granzyme B-CGL-2/granzyme H-cathepsin G-chymase [6].
• Along with direct repeats (TGGAAG/TGGAAG/GGAA), the sequence contains a CRE consensus site (cAMP-responsive element, TGCGTCA) suggesting the involvement of cAMP signaling in cgl2 activation [7].
• In the homobasidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea, expression of the two fruiting body-specific galectins, CGL1 and CGL2, is controlled by nutrients, light and darkness and the A mating type genes [7].
• Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA) 4 gene is recognized as a primary determinant for autoimmunity since specific polymorphisms have been associated with predisposition to most autoimmune disorders [8].
• Moreover, three putative phosphorylation sites at position 51 (CSPC), at position 90 (RTPL) and at position 265 (PSPF) were found in the TcEF-1 gamma sequence [9].

Anatomical context of GZMH

• CSP-C is not expressed in B-lymphoblastoid cell lines or in the T-leukemia cell line MOLT4 [10].
• Paucity of mechanical adipose tissue in the palms, soles, orbits, scalp, and periarticular regions was noted in CGL2, whereas it was well preserved in CGL1 patients [11].

Associations of GZMH with chemical compounds

• Characterization of a novel, human cytotoxic lymphocyte-specific serine protease cDNA clone (CSP-C) [10].

Other interactions of GZMH

• Promoter analysis of cgl2, a galectin encoding gene transcribed during fruiting body formation in Coprinopsis cinerea (Coprinus cinereus) [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GZMH

• In this study, we analyzed the promoter of the cgl2 gene by measuring transcript levels by quantitative real-time PCR and show that regulation of CGL2 expression occurs at the transcriptional level [7].

References