Disease relevance of HE

• The hemagglutinin-esterase of mouse hepatitis virus strain S is a sialate-4-O-acetylesterase [1].
• A similar replication-defective vector expressing the hemagglutinin-esterase gene of bovine coronavirus from the E3 region was isolated [2].
• By comparative analysis of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein of mouse hepatitis virus strain S (MHV-S) and the HE protein of influenza C virus, we found major differences in substrate specificities [1].
• The specificity of the CTL lines was examined by using target cells infected with vaccinia virus recombinants expressing the JHMV nucleocapsid, spike, membrane, and hemagglutinin-esterase structural proteins [3].
• To determine whether a hemagglutinin esterase (HE) glycoprotein that could bind the virions to 9-O-acetylated neuraminic acid moieties on the cell surface was expressed by MHV/BHK, an in situ esterase assay was used [4].

High impact information on HE

• Group 2 coronaviruses encode an accessory envelope glycoprotein species, the hemagglutinin esterase (HE), which possesses sialate-O-acetylesterase activity and which, presumably, promotes virus spread and entry in vivo by facilitating reversible virion attachment to O-acetylated sialic acids [5].
• The JHM strain of MHV is highly neurovirulent and expresses a second spike glycoprotein, the hemagglutinin esterase (HE), which is not produced by MHV-A59, a hepatotropic but only mildly neurovirulent strain [6].
• In addition to the spike (S) glycoprotein that binds to carcinoembryonic antigen-related receptors on the host cell membrane, some strains of mouse coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus [MHV]) express a hemagglutinin esterase (HE) glycoprotein with hemagglutinating and acetylesterase activity [7].
• These results suggest that ns4 and ns5a are not essential for viral replication in tissue culture cells, and thus join gene 2 and the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) gene as nonessential viral genes in MHV [8].
• The detection and characterization of multiple hemagglutinin-esterase (HE)-defective viruses in the mouse brain during subacute demyelination induced by mouse hepatitis virus [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of HE

• Coronaviruses related to mouse hepatitis virus express a hemagglutinin-esterase surface glycoprotein, which specifically hydrolyses either 5-N-acetyl-4-O-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu4,5Ac(2)) or 5-N-acetyl-9-O-acetyl neuraminic acid (Neu5,9Ac(2)) [10].

Biological context of HE

• Heterogeneity of gene expression of the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein of murine coronaviruses [11].
• The nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) and the spike (S) glycoproteins from DVIM were determined and compared with those of other MHVs [12].

Associations of HE with chemical compounds

• Following centrifugation through a sucrose gradient the surface proteins S and HE (hemagglutinin-esterase) were obtained in purified form [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of HE

• It has previously been shown that passive immunization with antibodies specific for the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) protein of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) prevents acute lethal encephalitis, resulting in a subacute and chronic demyelination in mice infected with JHM(2), an isolate of the neurotropic JHM strain of MHV [9].
• TOCVs also did not cross-react in a BCV antigen-capture (AC) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against N, spike glycoprotein, and hemagglutinin esterase glycoprotein proteins of BCV as coating antibodies [14].
• Virus identification was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and indirect protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy using rabbit hyperimmune serum, as well as monoclonal antibodies directed against the spike (S) and hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) glycoproteins of the prototype Mebus strain of bovine coronavirus (BCV-Meb) [15].

References