Disease relevance of Neuraminic acid

• We therefore investigated serum neuraminidase activity and serum and urinary free neuraminic acid levels, using the thiobarbituric acid method, in 39 patients with acute poststreptococcal nephritis [1].
• We have described an IgM antibody from a patient with macroglobulinemia specifically reacting with poly-alpha(2----8)N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuNAc) the capsular polysaccharide of two important human pathogens, group B meningococcus and E. coli K1 [2].
• The following observations were made: (a) The susceptibility to hemolysis is directly proportional to the amounts of neuraminic acid enzymatically released from the cell surface [3].
• In MDCK cell monolayers, vesicular stomatitis virus buds exclusively from the basal or lateral plasma membranes and contains a sialylated glycoprotein, whereas influenza virus buds exclusively from the apical plasma membrane and lacks neuraminic acid [4].
• Characterization of the acid stability of glycosidically linked neuraminic acid: use in detecting de-N-acetyl-gangliosides in human melanoma [5].

High impact information on Neuraminic acid

• Since mouse erythrocytes have the form of sialic acid found on human erythrocytes (N-acetyl neuraminic acid), mouse erythrocytes were tested for invasion in vitro [6].
• SD and ISSD are both characterized by lysosomal storage of free N-acetyl neuraminic acid [7].
• Ecto-sialyltransferase of human B lymphocytes reconstitutes differentiation markers in the presence of exogenous CMP-N-acetyl neuraminic acid [8].
• Thus, the enhanced attachment by primitive CML progenitor cells to INF-alpha-treated stromal cells might be due to changes in the neuraminic acid composition in the stromal cell layer [9].
• However, the N-glycolyl derivative, 5-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), forms a major part of the epitope since both free Neu5Gc and porcine stomach mucin (greater than 90% neuraminic acid as Neu5Gc) inhibit the binding of Mab 3E1.2, while bovine or ovine submaxillary mucins, fetuin, bovine gangliosides, and other carbohydrates do not [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Neuraminic acid

• Salla disease (SD) is an autosomal recessive disorder in which free sialic acid (N-acetyl neuraminic acid) accumulates in lysosomes [11].
• An O-acetyl group was selectively introduced into the ceramide moiety at the C-3-O on ganglioside GM3 containing N-acetyl neuraminic acid, the product of which has been previously found in rat glioma tissue as a glioma-associated ganglioside [12].
• Epithelial cell surface sites involved in the polyvalent adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis: a convincing role for neuraminic acid and glucuronic acid [13].
• A total of 46 E. coli strains showing mannose-resistant, P-blood-group independent hemagglutination of human erythrocytes were tested for binding to neuraminic acid [14].
• The final section deals with the influence of host-derived cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetyl neuraminic acid and lactate on the pathogenicity of gonococci, meningococci and Haemophilus influenzae [15].

Biological context of Neuraminic acid

• Inhibition studies with gangliosides, sialyllactose, lactose, and neuraminic acid suggested that the macrophage binding site recognizes neuraminic acid in conjunction with neighboring carbohydrates showing highest affinity for GM2 [16].
• Smaller VS viral glycopeptides generated by extensive trypsinization were less effective inhibitors of hemagglutination than were larger glycopeptides; neuraminic acid and neuraminosyl lactose had no capacity to inhibit hamagglutination or adsorption of virus to L cells [17].
• We added a panel of five lectins to the neuraminic acid-deficient cells and showed that binding of these cells to the pi cells did not result in fusion; the lectins could not substitute for interaction of neuraminic acid with the HN molecule in promoting membrane fusion [18].
• In addition, pretreatment of HMFG with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase markedly reduced bacterium-induced agglutinations, indicating the involvement of neuraminic acid-containing glycoproteins [19].
• Factors tested for their significance to carbohydrate chain conformation and dynamics included glycolipid natural alkyl and acyl chain variability, membrane fluidity, and the presence of cholesterol and a charged sugar residue (neuraminic acid) [20].

Anatomical context of Neuraminic acid

• These results suggest that the metastatic property of these cell lines may be related to the level of ganglioside, and that the substitution of N-glycolyl for N-acetyl neuraminic acid does not reduce metastatic capacity [21].
• In this study, a synthetic precursor of neuraminic acid, N-propanoylmannosamine (N-propanoyl neuraminic acid precursor (P-NAP)), is applied to the culture medium of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, microglia, astrocytes, and neurons from neonatal rat brains to alter sialylation of glycoconjugates within these cells [22].
• Partial biochemical characterization of these sites shows that the sites in the glycocalyx are mainly from neuraminic acid, while the fenestral diaphragms have mainly heparan sulfate proteoglycans [23].
• UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase is a bifunctional enzyme and catalyzes the first two steps of neuraminic acid synthesis in the cytosol, the conversion of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to ManAc and the phosphorylation to ManAc-6-phosphate [24].
• The data show that from the earliest recordable postnatal age (6 days) until late in life (18 months), photoreceptors contain low quantities of lipid-bound N-acetyl neuraminic acid and a simplified ganglioside profile compared to inner retinal neurons [25].

Associations of Neuraminic acid with other chemical compounds

• Characterization of a deaminated neuraminic acid-containing glycoprotein from the skin mucus of the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus [26].
• Gangliosides are neuraminic acid containing glycosphingolipids that are anchored into the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane by their lipophilic ceramide moiety [27].
• The increase in DAF by WGA was inhibited by N-acetyl glucosamine (10-50 mM) but by neither N-acetyl neuraminic acid nor removal of surface N-acetyl neuraminic acid with neuraminidase [28].
• The receptor for MDNCF/IL-8 is apparently glycosylated since ligand binding is inhibited by the presence of wheat germ agglutinin, a lectin with a binding specificity for N-acetylglucosamine and neuraminic acid [29].
• Also, gangliosides protect native FGF-2 from trypsin digestion at micromolar concentrations, the order of relative potency being GT1b > GD1b > GM1 = GM2 = sulfatide > GM3 = galactosyl-ceramide, whereas asialo-GM1, neuraminic acid, and N-acetylneuramin-lactose were ineffective [30].

Gene context of Neuraminic acid

• Preincubation of mucin with heat-inactivated influenza A virus (which binds to neuraminic acid) significantly reduced the adherence of P. aeruginosa [31].
• GM3, which only has a terminal N-acetyl neuraminic acid, inhibited cell proliferation and EGFR phosphorylation almost equivalently [32].
• Multiple N-acetyl neuraminic acid synthetase (neuB) genes in Campylobacter jejuni: identification and characterization of the gene involved in sialylation of lipo-oligosaccharide [33].
• Neuraminic acid is present in both glycoproteins, representing 30% and 15% respectively of the total sugar weight of GPIIb and GPIIIa [34].
• Beta-lactamase with high molecular weight: evidence for an interaction with neuraminic acid-containing structures [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Neuraminic acid

• Chromatographic analysis yielded two compounds, i.e. N-acetyl neuraminic acid and N-propanoyl neuraminic acid, the latter being identified by gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry studies [36].
• Excess sialyloligosaccharide excretion is detected by using gel filtration and a quantitative assay for neuraminic acid [37].
• Circular dichroism of oligosaccharides containing neuraminic acid [38].
• Changes in neuraminic acid levels were the most reliable indicator for the presence of a liver tumor in this animal model [39].
• Similarly in some gastric cancers which do not stain with the periodic acid-Schiff reaction at all, large amount of free or neuraminic acid substituted PNA binding sites can be detected [40].

References