Disease relevance of TLR10

• Stimulation of resting B cells with anti-mu and anti-CD40 antibodies or with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I bacteria (SAC) increased expression of TLR9 and TLR10 [1].
• Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cell lines and other cell lines representative of mature B-cell neoplasias (Burkitt lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma) expressed TLR9 and/or TLR10, whereas pre-B cell lines were negative [1].
• In this study, we investigated whether sequence variants in the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster, residing within a 54-kb region on 4p14, were associated with prostate cancer risk [2].

High impact information on TLR10

• The toll-like receptor repertoire of human B lymphocytes: inducible and selective expression of TLR9 and TLR10 in normal and transformed cells [1].
• Analysis of a range of resting and activated human leukocyte populations revealed that mRNA expression of TLR10 was restricted to B cells [1].
• In addition, keratinocytes ex vivo display TLR1-5, TLR7, and TLR10 [3].
• Human TLR10 is an orphan member of the TLR family [4].
• However, a complete TLR10 sequence could be detected in the rat genome, indicating that a functional copy may be preserved in this species [4].
• TLR10 has sense Alu elements in its 3'UTR region, making it susceptible to the regulation of other protein-coding or non-coding RNAs with antisense Alu elements [5].

Biological context of TLR10

• Consistent association in two independent samples and association with an intermediate phenotype provides strong support for TLR10 genetic variation contributing to asthma risk [6].
• Localized to chromosome 4p14, the specific ligands and functions of TLR10 are currently unknown, although it is expressed in lung and in B-lymphocytes [6].
• Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in TLR10, selected with a tagging algorithm, were genotyped [7].
• We concluded that in this Cantonese population-based study, haplotype GCGTGGC with frequency of 11.4% in TLR10 was found to be associated with NPC and this association was statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, and VCA-IgA antibody titers [7].
• Is toll-like receptor 6 or toll-like receptor 10 involved in asthma genetics - or both [8]?

Anatomical context of TLR10

• TLR10 was highly expressed in B cells and weakly expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) [9].
• We were also able to detect TLR10 in a CD1a(+) DC subset derived from CD34(+) progenitor cells which resemble Langerhans cells in the epidermis [4].
• In the present study, the expression profile of TLR1-TLR10 was characterized in human tonsil T cells, focusing on differences between subsets of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) [10].

Other interactions of TLR10

• Identification of hTLR10: a novel human Toll-like receptor preferentially expressed in immune cells [11].
• Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential in the host defense against infections and today 10 human TLRs (TLR1-TLR10) and one TLR-homolog (RP105) have been characterized [12].
• Sequence variants in toll-like receptor 10 are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TLR10

• The expression of TLR1-9 by UEC was demonstrated by RT-PCR, with only TLR10 not expressed [13].
• To test the association between NPC and variants in Toll-like receptor 10 (TLR10), we conducted a hospital-based case-control study in a Cantonese-speaking population in Guangdong province [7].

References