Disease relevance of TT1

• TTL1 regulates the transcript levels of several dehydration-responsive genes, such as the transcription factor DREB2A, and genes encoding dehydration response proteins, such as ERD1 (early response to dehydration 1), ERD3, and COR15a [1].

High impact information on TT1

• The TT1 gene was isolated by reverse genetics using an En-1 transposon mutagenized A. thaliana population [2].
• Mutant seeds displayed altered morphology of the seed endothelium in which brown tannin pigments accumulate in wild-type plants, indicating that TT1 is involved in the differentiation of this cell layer [2].
• TT1 gene expression was detected in developing ovules and young seeds only, and the gene was shown to encode a nuclear protein [2].
• Seeds of the Arabidopsis thaliana transparent testa 1 mutant (tt1) appear yellow, due to the lack of condensed tannin pigments in the seed coat [2].
• A. thaliana TRANSPARENT TESTA 1 is involved in seed coat development and defines the WIP subfamily of plant zinc finger proteins [2].

Biological context of TT1

• Mutations in the pale aleurone color1 regulatory gene of the Zea mays anthocyanin pathway have distinct phenotypes relative to the functionally similar TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana [3].
• Effects of ionizing radiation on a plant genome: analysis of two Arabidopsis transparent testa mutations [4].
• The F3H locus was mapped to the bottom of chromosome 3 and therefore does not correspond to any of the 13 flavonoid-deficient transparent testa mutants for which a map position is known [5].
• Moreover, the epidermal morphogenesis regulator TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) is negatively regulated by FUS3 in the embryo [6].
• In this study, we have investigated whether A. thaliana genotype Landsberg erecta and its flavonoid-deficient mutant transparent testa (tt5) is capable of metabolizing UV-B- and O3-induced activated oxygen species by invoking similar antioxidant enzymes [7].

Associations of TT1 with chemical compounds

• Flavonoid accumulation patterns of transparent testa mutants of arabidopsis [8].
• In this report, we identify TTL1 as a positive regulator of ABA signaling during germination and seedling development under stress [1].
• The Arabidopsis Tetratricopeptide Repeat-Containing Protein TTL1 Is Required for Osmotic Stress Responses and Abscisic Acid Sensitivity [1].
• By screening mutants available for the annotated laccase gene family in Arabidopsis, we identified two mutants for a single laccase gene, AtLAC15 (At5g48100) with a pale brown or yellow seed coat which resembled the transparent testa (tt) mutant phenotype [9].

Other interactions of TT1

• Mutations in TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) result in several pleiotropic defects including an almost complete lack of trichomes [10].
• Mutants of a new gene, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2), show disruptions to trichome development and to tannin and mucilage production in the seed coat [11].
• Here we show that four independent gene disruptions of AHA10 result in seed coats with a transparent testa (tt) phenotype (light-colored seeds) [12].
• Although APETALA2 is needed for differentiation of both outer layers of the seed coat, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1, GLABRA2, and MUM4 are required for complete mucilage synthesis and cytoplasmic rearrangement [13].
• The hypothesis that flavonoids regulate auxin transport in vivo was tested in Arabidopsis by comparing wild-type (WT) and transparent testa (tt4) plants with a mutation in the gene encoding the first enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, chalcone synthase [14].

References