Disease relevance of Tannin

• Hamster embryo fibroblasts, transformed by wild-type or temperature-sensitive mutant (A28) SV40 virus, and human lung fibroblasts (WI-38, MRC-5) were studied using the tannic acid method of Simionescu and Simionescu (1976), which preferentially stained external carbohydrates [1].
• The chloroform-methanol fraction prepared from urine of rats fed BF, chloroform fraction of BF, or tannin-free fraction of BF demonstrated mutagenicity for Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 but not for TA 98 [2].
• Type B and type C RNA tumor virus replication in single cells. Electron microscopy with tannic acid [3].
• F344 rats in group 8 received weekly sc injections of tannin solution (0.1 g/kg body wt) for 38 weeks, and 16/20 developed palpable tumors that were malignant fibrous histiocytomas at the injection site [2].
• Periodic densities spaced at comparable distances are seen in PtK2 and in gerbil fibroma cells when they are treated with tannic acid and examined in the electron microscope [4].

Psychiatry related information on Tannin

• Our findings suggest that the usual intake of polyphenols is relatively safe, but that a high intake by supplementation or by dietary habit of tannin affects only the Fe level [5].
• Since geraniin and corilagin have been well investigated as representative tannins, we discuss here the new possibility of classical herbal medicine in the development of preventive agents for cancer and other life-style related diseases [6].

High impact information on Tannin

• Mutant seeds displayed altered morphology of the seed endothelium in which brown tannin pigments accumulate in wild-type plants, indicating that TT1 is involved in the differentiation of this cell layer [7].
• The following fractions induced significantly greater incidences of bladder carcinoma than did cholesterol pellets only: tannin, Dowex 50 H+, residue, n-butanol, and methanol [8].
• When cultured cells exposed to epidermal growth factor-colloidal gold were fixed with glutaraldehyde containing saponin and tannic acid, colloidal gold particles were observed in coated pits and in coated and uncoated vesicles [9].
• Tannic acid, semipermeable membranes, and burn treatment [10].
• Impairment of basolateral membrane fusion by treatment with tannic acid does not affect the direct apical delivery of GPI-APs, but it does affect the organization of tight junctions and the integrity of the monolayer [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tannin

• Marked potentiation of activity of beta-lactams against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by corilagin [12].
• Sequences from a tannin-tolerant Selenomonas ruminantium isolate (EAT2) that hydrolyzes gallic acid were identified [13].
• Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used together with tannic acid and ruthenium-red staining to examine connective tissue damage caused by acute myocardial ischemia for 20, 40 and 120 min in pig hearts [14].
• The mechanism of tannin toxicity towards Escherichia coli was determined by using an extract from Acacia mearnsii (Black wattle) as a source of condensed tannins (proanthocyanidins) [15].
• HIV-1, strain HTLV-IIIB, was examined after staining of envelope glycoproteins with either tannic acid, immunogold staining for gp120 (gp120-immunogold), or lectin-gold staining with concanavalin A for mannose residues (ConA-HRP-gold) and frequency distributions of spikes or gold particles per micron HIV-1 membrane generated [16].

Biological context of Tannin

• The initial events during phagocytosis of latex beads by mouse peritoneal macrophages were visualized by high-resolution electron microscopy of platinum replicas of freeze-dried cells and by conventional thin-section electron microscopy of macrophages postfixed with 1% tannic acid [17].
• In each case, this approximated 45 A. The enhancement of membrane contrast by tannic acid in the presence of OsO4 is interpreted as being at least in part due to its multivalent capacity, binding to reactive sites on choline, as well as with OsO4 [18].
• Feeding of sorghum with a high level of tannin (high-tannin sorghum) to rats caused changes in gene expression in parotid glands similar to isoproterenol treatment [19].
• Tannic acid inhibits the mutagenicity of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their bay-region diol-epoxides [20].
• Additionally, tannic acid feeding decreased protein kinase A phosphorylation and activity [21].

Anatomical context of Tannin

• Primary fixation with buffered glutaraldehyde plus 2.0 mM CaCl2 and 0.1% tannic acid results in the preservation of certain portions of the plasma membrane coat of Chara when seen with the electron microscope [22].
• Tannic acid-stained microtubules with 12, 13, and 15 protofilaments [23].
• Ultrastructure of microfilament bundles in baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. The use of tannic acid [24].
• Ultrastructural observations of isolated intact and fragmented junctions of skeletal muscle by use of tannic acid mordanting [25].
• Tannic acid staining reveals that the coats of coated vesicles, pits, and plaques have a 12-nm layer of amorphous material between the membrane and the clathrin basketwork [26].

Associations of Tannin with other chemical compounds

• By transmission electron microscopy, a 1-2 microns thick mesh of 8-15-nm fibrils was seen on parasites incubated with anti-schistosomal antibodies or fixed in aldehydes containing tannic acid or ruthenium red [27].
• Immunostaining for poly(ADP-ribose) on Western blots and neuron cultures showed benzamide to decrease and gallotannin to increase poly(ADP-ribose) accumulation during MNNG exposure [28].
• To investigate whether this suppression is due to promoter responsiveness to tannic acid, we performed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase analysis transfecting a MMTV promoter containing a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression vector into mouse fibroblast L929 cells [29].
• Isolated rat hearts were perfusion-fixed through the coronary circulation, stained with lanthanum or tannic acid, and further processed for transmission electron microscopy [30].
• In the case of the oligomeric hydrolysable tannins, pentagalloyl glucose and tannic acid, the decay kinetics were more complex involving sequential first-order and second-order reactions, which could only be resolved by kinetic modeling [31].

Gene context of Tannin

• Mutants of a new gene, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2 (TTG2), show disruptions to trichome development and to tannin and mucilage production in the seed coat [32].
• In the seed coat, TTG2 expression requires TTG1 function in the production of tannin [32].
• Experimental Design: The inhibitory effect of tannic acid on CXCL12/CXCR4 was measured by chemotaxis assay, ligand binding assay, and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis [33].
• Remarkably, silencing of PARG by means of small interfering RNA selectively impaired gallotannin-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 [34].
• Anthocyanin- and hydrolyzable tannin-rich pomegranate fruit extract modulates MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways and inhibits skin tumorigenesis in CD-1 mice [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tannin

• We examined the ultrastructure of identified AChR clusters by quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary replication or by thin sectioning of whole myotubes fixed in the presence of saponin and tannic acid to preserve the cytoskeleton [36].
• The junctional face membrane of the terminal cisternae contains feet structures that extend approximately 12 nm from the membrane surface and can be clearly visualized in thin section through using tannic acid enhancement, by negative staining and by freeze-fracture electron microscopy [37].
• Images of specimens stabilized in tannin were collected using electron cryomicroscopy [38].
• In this study we assessed the effect of tannic acid on cholangiocyte proliferation after bile duct ligation in rats [21].
• For the study of storage iron accumulation, they were separated into a group instructed to drink a particularly tannin rich tea regularly with meals and a control group [39].

References