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Gene Review

wbbH  -  O-antigen polymerase

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK2029, JW2020, rfc, yefF
 
 
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Disease relevance of rfc

  • Co-expression studies involving S. sonnei rfb/rfc and rfa loci propagated on compatible plasmids have shown that, at most, 13 to 14 kb of rfaR1 DNA are required for the expression of complete phase-I-like S. sonnei LPS in E. coli K-12 and S. typhi, whereas an adjacent region of about 3.5 kb is needed in the more stringent host, V. cholerae [1].
  • Expression studies of the rfb/rfc locus have shown that S. sonnei O polysaccharide is covalently bound to LPS cores of both the K-12 and R1 types, but neither to Salmonella (Ra-type) nor to V. cholerae O1 cores [1].
  • Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the rfbX gene of Shigella flexneri revealed that it contained a high proportion of rare codons, as previously observed in the analysis of the O-antigen polymerase-encoding gene rfc [Morona et al., J. Bacteriol. 176 (1994) 733-747] [2].
  • The wbp gene cluster, encoding the B-band lipopolysaccharide O antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O5 strain PAO1, was previously shown to contain a wzy (rfc) gene encoding the O-antigen polymerase [3].
  • The gene cluster directing O-antigen biosynthesis in Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:8: identification of the genes for mannose and galactose biosynthesis and the gene for the O-antigen polymerase [4].
 

High impact information on rfc

  • Sixteen open reading frames (ORFs) thought to be involved in synthesis of the O5 O antigen were identified, including wzz (rol), wzy (rfc), and wbpA-wbpN [5].
  • Polymerized O:54 polysaccharide was also produced in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium rfb and rfc mutants [6].
  • Comparison with sequence databases identified candidate genes for four glycosyl transferases, an O-acetyl transferase, an O-unit flippase, and an O-antigen polymerase, as well as copies of galE and gnd [7].
  • O antigen polymerase, which is encoded by the rfc gene, is a potential membrane protein and therefore should be hydrophobic [8].
  • To identify the rfc gene, these two ORFs were subjected to insertional mutagenesis [8].
 

Biological context of rfc

 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of rfc

  • It was demonstrated further that the multiplex PCR system containing rfc-specific primers can efficiently identify the most prominent Shigella serotypes in raw stool samples of acute diarrheal patients [11].

References

  1. Molecular cloning and characterization of the genetic determinants that express the complete Shigella serotype D (Shigella sonnei) lipopolysaccharide in heterologous live attenuated vaccine strains. Viret, J.F., Cryz, S.J., Lang, A.B., Favre, D. Mol. Microbiol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  2. Genetic analysis of the rfbX gene of Shigella flexneri. Macpherson, D.F., Manning, P.A., Morona, R. Gene (1995) [Pubmed]
  3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa B-band O-antigen chain length is modulated by Wzz (Ro1). Burrows, L.L., Chow, D., Lam, J.S. J. Bacteriol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  4. The gene cluster directing O-antigen biosynthesis in Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:8: identification of the genes for mannose and galactose biosynthesis and the gene for the O-antigen polymerase. Zhang, L., Toivanen, P., Skurnik, M. Microbiology (Reading, Engl.) (1996) [Pubmed]
  5. Molecular characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O5 (PAO1) B-band lipopolysaccharide gene cluster. Burrows, L.L., Charter, D.F., Lam, J.S. Mol. Microbiol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  6. A plasmid-encoded rfbO:54 gene cluster is required for biosynthesis of the O:54 antigen in Salmonella enterica serovar Borreze. Keenleyside, W.J., Perry, M., Maclean, L., Poppe, C., Whitfield, C. Mol. Microbiol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  7. Molecular characterization of the locus encoding biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide O antigen of Escherichia coli serotype O113. Paton, A.W., Paton, J.C. Infect. Immun. (1999) [Pubmed]
  8. Identification of the O antigen polymerase (rfc) gene in Escherichia coli O4 by insertional mutagenesis using a nonpolar chloramphenicol resistance cassette. Lukomski, S., Hull, R.A., Hull, S.I. J. Bacteriol. (1996) [Pubmed]
  9. Use of Salmonella phage P22 for transduction in Escherichia coli. Neal, B.L., Brown, P.K., Reeves, P.R. J. Bacteriol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  10. A single nucleotide exchange in the wzy gene is responsible for the semirough O6 lipopolysaccharide phenotype and serum sensitivity of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917. Grozdanov, L., Zähringer, U., Blum-Oehler, G., Brade, L., Henne, A., Knirel, Y.A., Schombel, U., Schulze, J., Sonnenborn, U., Gottschalk, G., Hacker, J., Rietschel, E.T., Dobrindt, U. J. Bacteriol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  11. A simple polymerase chain reaction technique to detect and differentiate Shigella and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli in human feces. Houng, H.S., Sethabutr, O., Echeverria, P. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. (1997) [Pubmed]
 
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