Gene Review:
galE - UDP-galactose-4-epimerase
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655
Synonyms:
ECK0748, JW0742, galD
- Construction of defined galE mutants of Salmonella for use as vaccines. Hone, D., Morona, R., Attridge, S., Hackett, J. J. Infect. Dis. (1987)
- Genetics of galactose metabolism of Erwinia amylovora and its influence on polysaccharide synthesis and virulence of the fire blight pathogen. Metzger, M., Bellemann, P., Bugert, P., Geider, K. J. Bacteriol. (1994)
- Regulation of galactose operon at the gal operator-promoter region in Escherichia coli K-12. Hua, S.S., Markovitz, A. J. Bacteriol. (1975)
- Two promoters, one inducible and one constitutive, control transcription of the Streptomyces lividans galactose operon. Fornwald, J.A., Schmidt, F.J., Adams, C.W., Rosenberg, M., Brawner, M.E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1987)
- Gene expression of an Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA promoter fused to structural genes of the galactose operon. Ota, Y., Kikuchi, A., Cashel, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1979)
- Transcriptional termination at a fully rho-independent site in Escherichia coli is prevented by uninterrupted translation of the nascent RNA. Wright, J.J., Hayward, R.S. EMBO J. (1987)
- Characterization of two mutations in the Escherichia coli galE gene inactivating the second galactose operator and comparative studies of repressor binding. Fritz, H.J., Bicknäse, H., Gleumes, B., Heibach, C., Rosahl, S., Ehring, R. EMBO J. (1983)
- The Leloir pathway: a mechanistic imperative for three enzymes to change the stereochemical configuration of a single carbon in galactose. Frey, P.A. FASEB J. (1996)
- Carbohydrate utilization in Streptococcus thermophilus: characterization of the genes for aldose 1-epimerase (mutarotase) and UDPglucose 4-epimerase. Poolman, B., Royer, T.J., Mainzer, S.E., Schmidt, B.F. J. Bacteriol. (1990)
- Efficient incorporation of galactose into lipopolysaccharide by Escherichia coli K-12 strains with polar galE mutations. Schnaitman, C.A., Austin, E.A. J. Bacteriol. (1990)
- Segment-specific mutagenesis of the regulatory region in the Escherichia coli galactose operon: isolation of mutations reducing the initiation of transcription and translation. Busby, S., Dreyfus, M. Gene (1983)
- Ethyl nitrosourea and methyl methanesulfonate mutagenicity in sperm and testicular germ cells of lacZ transgenic mice (Muta Mouse). Suzuki, T., Itoh, S., Takemoto, N., Yajima, N., Miura, M., Hayashi, M., Shimada, H., Sofuni, T. Mutat. Res. (1997)
- Preparation and characterization of a bifunctional fusion enzyme composed of UDP-galactose 4-epimerase and galactose-1-P uridylyltransferase. Tamada, Y., Swanson, B.A., Arabshahi, A., Frey, P.A. Bioconjug. Chem. (1994)
- Characterization, expression, and mutation of the Lactococcus lactis galPMKTE genes, involved in galactose utilization via the Leloir pathway. Grossiord, B.P., Luesink, E.J., Vaughan, E.E., Arnaud, A., de Vos, W.M. J. Bacteriol. (2003)
- Escherichia coli gal operon proteins made after prophage lambda induction. Merril, C.R., Gottesman, M.E., Adhya, S.L. J. Bacteriol. (1981)
- The role of galE in the biosynthesis and function of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide. Robertson, B.D., Frosch, M., van Putten, J.P. Mol. Microbiol. (1993)
- The identification of cryptic rhamnose biosynthesis genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and their relationship to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Robertson, B.D., Frosch, M., van Putten, J.P. J. Bacteriol. (1994)
- Functional analysis of the Lactococcus lactis galU and galE genes and their impact on sugar nucleotide and exopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Boels, I.C., Ramos, A., Kleerebezem, M., de Vos, W.M. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2001)
- A family of removable cassettes designed to obtain antibiotic-resistance-free genomic modifications of Escherichia coli and other bacteria. Palmeros, B., Wild, J., Szybalski, W., Le Borgne, S., Hernández-Chávez, G., Gosset, G., Valle, F., Bolivar, F. Gene (2000)
- Molecular characterization of the locus encoding biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide O antigen of Escherichia coli serotype O113. Paton, A.W., Paton, J.C. Infect. Immun. (1999)
- Identification of the galE gene and a galE homolog and characterization of their roles in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide in a serotype O:8 strain of Yersinia enterocolitica. Pierson, D.E., Carlson, S. J. Bacteriol. (1996)
- Purification of integral outer-membrane protein OmpC, a surface antigen from Salmonella typhi for structure-function studies: a method applicable to enterobacterial major outer-membrane protein. Arockiasamy, A., Krishnaswamy, S. Anal. Biochem. (2000)
- Detection of galE gene by polymerase chain reaction in campylobacters associated with Guillain-Barre syndrome. Nawaz, M.S., Wang, R.F., Khan, S.A., Khan, A.A. Mol. Cell. Probes (2003)
- Uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase. pH dependence of the reduction of NAD+ by a substrate analog. Arabshahi, A., Flentke, G.R., Frey, P.A. J. Biol. Chem. (1988)
- Escherichia coli uridine diphosphate galactose 4-epimerase: circular dichroism of the protein and protein bound dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Wong, S.S., Cassim, J.Y., Frey, P.A. Biochemistry (1978)