Disease relevance of fes

• In contrast to E. coli, the fep-fes gene cluster in Y. enterocolitica consists solely of genes required for uptake and utilization of enterochelin (fep) and not of enterochelin synthesis genes such as entF [1].
• By Southern hybridization, fepDGC and fes sequences could be detected in Y. enterocolitica biotypes IB, IA, and II but not in biotype IV strains, Yersinia pestis, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains [1].
• According to sequence alignment data and the coherent structure of the Yersinia fep-fes gene cluster, we suggest early genetic divergence of ferrienterochelin uptake determinants among species of the family Enterobacteriaceae [1].
• Analysis of the Erwinia chrysanthemi ferrichrysobactin receptor gene: resemblance to the Escherichia coli fepA-fes bidirectional promoter region and homology with hydroxamate receptors [2].

High impact information on fes

• In contrast, p92c-fes immunoprecipitated from these Rat-2 cells or expressed as an enzymatically active fragment in Escherichia coli from a c-fps/fes cDNA catalyzed tyrosine phosphorylation with an activity similar to that of v-fps/fes polypeptides [3].
• Proteins encoded by oncogenes such as v-fps/fes, v-src, v-yes, v-abl, and v-fgr are cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases which, unlike transmembrane receptors, are localized to the inside of the cell [4].
• The Escherichia coli ferric enterobactin esterase gene (fes) was cloned into the vector pGEM3Z under the control of the T7 gene 10 promoter and overexpressed to approximately 15% of the total cellular protein [5].
• Transcriptional mapping and nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli fepA-fes enterobactin region. Identification of a unique iron-regulated bidirectional promoter [6].
• An additional small open reading frame of 216 nucleotides (encoding a potential product of calculated Mr 8,271) was also identified between fes and entF [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of fes

• HPLC separation of enterobactin and linear 2,3-dihydroxybenzoylserine derivatives: a study on mutants of Escherichia coli defective in regulation (fur), esterase (fes) and transport (fepA) [7].

Biological context of fes

• Insertional mutagenesis of fepD or fes genes abrogates enterochelin-supported growth of Y. enterocolitica on iron-chelated media [1].
• Subcloning and deletion analysis demonstrated that the gene order is entD-fepA-fes [8].
• The nucleotide sequence of a 1,997-base pair HpaI fragment specific for this genetic region allowed for the identification of an 1,122-base pair open reading frame as the previously uncharacterized fes gene [6].
• These observations are most readily explained by the presence of a regulatory region located upstream of fes which mediates the iron-regulated expression of a transcript that includes the fes and entF genes [9].
• Molecular characterization of the Escherichia coli enterobactin cistron entF and coupled expression of entF and the fes gene [9].

Associations of fes with chemical compounds

• Thus, enterobactin protects against colicins V and Ia, but only when the colicin indicator strain is fes+, and hydroxamate siderophores inhibit colicins B, V, and Ia, but only when the colicin indicator strain is SidA+ [10].
• Growth in citrate plus iron (1.8 muM) or in ferrichrome resulted in a substantial reduction in both receptor levels and Ia sensitivity in ent, fes, and fep strains but had no effect on receptor levels in tonB strains [11].

Other interactions of fes

• In vitro transcription-translation analysis identified polypeptides of 30 and 35 kDa encoded by fepC and fes, respectively [1].

References