The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
Gene Review

proV  -  glycine betaine/proline ABC transporter...

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK2671, JW2652, osrA, proU
 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Disease relevance of proV

  • A class of trans-acting mutations, which alter the osmoregulated expression of the Escherichia coli proU operon, maps at 27 min on the chromosome in a locus we have called osmZ [1].
  • Molecular characterization of the proU loci of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli encoding osmoregulated glycine betaine transport systems [2].
  • In this report, we describe the discovery of a proU-type locus in the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis [3].
  • We conclude that the proU-like locus in B. subtilis LH45 is a gram-positive counterpart of the proU locus in gram-negative bacteria and probably evolved prior to the evolutionary split of prokaryotes into gram-positive and gram-negative forms [3].
 

High impact information on proV

  • Here, H-NS was revealed to selectively inhibit an early step(s) of proV transcription initiation through its direct binding to the promoter region [4].
  • Mutations in hns alter the expression of many genes with unrelated functions and result in a derepression of the proU operon (proVWX) without abolishing the osmotic control of its transcription [5].
  • Interactions of the nucleoid-associated DNA-binding protein H-NS with the regulatory region of the osmotically controlled proU operon of Escherichia coli [5].
  • We have investigated the interactions of H-NS with the proU regulatory region by deletion analysis of cis-acting sequences, competitive gel retardation assays, and DNase I footprinting [5].
  • We detected a 46-base pair high affinity H-NS binding region downstream of the proU promoter at the 5' end of the proV gene and a complex array of additional H-NS binding sites which suggest the presence of an extended H-NS nucleoprotein complex [5].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of proV

  • All three genes were shown to be necessary for exhibition of the proU-mediated osmoprotective effects of both glycine betaine and L-proline in E. coli [6].
  • Under these conditions, an E. coli K-12 strain with lesions in both proP and proU accumulates low levels of L-carnitine but fails to accumulate betaine when these compounds are supplied in the external medium [7].
 

Biological context of proV

  • The proU locus is organized in an operon and the position of the structural gene (proV) for GBBP is defined using a minicell system [8].
  • Three open reading frames were identified whose orientation, order, location, and sizes were in close accord with genetic evidence for three cistrons (proV, proW, and proX) in this operon [9].
  • An extended multiple cloning site (MCS) positioned at the 3' end of proV' permits the cloning of heterologous genes into the pOSEX plasmids, and efficient transcription terminators derived from the rrnB operon prevent deleterious read-through transcription into the vector portion [10].
  • The proU promoter of E. coli has also been sequenced and the transcription start site shown to be similar to that of S. typhimurium [2].
  • Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli: complementation analysis and gene-protein relationships in the proU locus [6].
 

Associations of proV with chemical compounds

  • We developed methodologies which will facilitate the identification of proline transporter genes by functional complementation of putP proP proU bacteria [11].
  • Despite being a chimera, this proU locus was fully functional in its ability to confer osmotolerance when glycine betaine was available in the medium [3].
  • Conversely, a mutant (LH45 deltaproU) in which most of the proU locus had been deleted grew poorly at high osmolarity in the presence of glycine betaine [3].
  • Osmosensitivity in the gltBD strains, elicited either by lysine supplementation or by introduction of the argP or glnE mutations (but not proU mutations), was also correlated with a reduction in cytoplasmic glutamate pools in cultures grown at elevated osmolarity [12].
 

Regulatory relationships of proV

  • To understand the relationship between H-NS structure and function, we transformed a cloned hns gene into a mutator strain and collected a series of mutant alleles that failed to repress proU expression [13].
 

Other interactions of proV

  • From this point of view, in this study the proV promoter was characterized by constructing a series of spacer-insertion mutants in a proV-lacZ fusion on the chromosome [14].

References

  1. The osmZ (bglY) gene encodes the DNA-binding protein H-NS (H1a), a component of the Escherichia coli K12 nucleoid. May, G., Dersch, P., Haardt, M., Middendorf, A., Bremer, E. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1990) [Pubmed]
  2. Molecular characterization of the proU loci of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli encoding osmoregulated glycine betaine transport systems. Stirling, D.A., Hulton, C.S., Waddell, L., Park, S.F., Stewart, G.S., Booth, I.R., Higgins, C.F. Mol. Microbiol. (1989) [Pubmed]
  3. Characterization of a chimeric proU operon in a subtilin-producing mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168. Lin, Y., Hansen, J.N. J. Bacteriol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  4. The Escherichia coli nucleoid protein H-NS functions directly as a transcriptional repressor. Ueguchi, C., Mizuno, T. EMBO J. (1993) [Pubmed]
  5. Interactions of the nucleoid-associated DNA-binding protein H-NS with the regulatory region of the osmotically controlled proU operon of Escherichia coli. Lucht, J.M., Dersch, P., Kempf, B., Bremer, E. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  6. Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli: complementation analysis and gene-protein relationships in the proU locus. Dattananda, C.S., Gowrishankar, J. J. Bacteriol. (1989) [Pubmed]
  7. A possible role of ProP, ProU and CaiT in osmoprotection of Escherichia coli by carnitine. Verheul, A., Wouters, J.A., Rombouts, F.M., Abee, T. J. Appl. Microbiol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  8. Cloned structural genes for the osmotically regulated binding-protein-dependent glycine betaine transport system (ProU) of Escherichia coli K-12. Faatz, E., Middendorf, A., Bremer, E. Mol. Microbiol. (1988) [Pubmed]
  9. Nucleotide sequence of the osmoregulatory proU operon of Escherichia coli. Gowrishankar, J. J. Bacteriol. (1989) [Pubmed]
  10. pOSEX: vectors for osmotically controlled and finely tuned gene expression in Escherichia coli. Herbst, B., Kneip, S., Bremer, E. Gene (1994) [Pubmed]
  11. Isolation and sequencing of Escherichia coli gene proP reveals unusual structural features of the osmoregulatory proline/betaine transporter, ProP. Culham, D.E., Lasby, B., Marangoni, A.G., Milner, J.L., Steer, B.A., van Nues, R.W., Wood, J.M. J. Mol. Biol. (1993) [Pubmed]
  12. Osmosensitivity associated with insertions in argP (iciA) or glnE in glutamate synthase-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. Nandineni, M.R., Laishram, R.S., Gowrishankar, J. J. Bacteriol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  13. Phenotypic analysis of random hns mutations differentiate DNA-binding activity from properties of fimA promoter inversion modulation and bacterial motility. Donato, G.M., Kawula, T.H. J. Bacteriol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  14. Importance of stereospecific positioning of the upstream cis-acting DNA element containing a curved DNA structure for the functioning of the Escherichia coli proV promoter. Tanaka, K., Ueguchi, C., Mizuno, T. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. (1994) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities