High impact information on Premenopause

• We studied the potential association between BMD and VDR genotypes in females from prepuberty to premenopause and prospectively investigated the interaction of VDR genotypes with dietary calcium and BMD changes during childhood [1].
• Musculo-skeletal pain pre-menopause was significantly related to estradiol [2].
• Whereas post-menopause DHEA-S levels were influenced by pain scores, no significant effect of pre-menopause hormones on post-menopause pain and distress was found [2].
• This possibly reflects selection and modifying effects on incidence and survival of hormone dependency of a proportion of breast cancers, the growth of which could be accelerated during the premenopause and the survival favourably influenced by the decline in steroid hormone levels after the menopause [3].
• Significant increase in serum calcium, phosphate and calcitonin and urine calcium/creatinine and TmPO4/GF were shown to precede the premenopause [4].

Biological context of Premenopause

• CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the previously described sexual dimorphism in cortisol metabolism is not dependent on oestrogen, although the possibility that oestrogen exerts a permanent modifying effect on 11beta-HSD1 gene expression during the pre-menopausal period cannot be excluded [5].
• During the premenopausal period an increasing frequency of inadequate luteal function or anovulation occurred and, in the postmenopausal years, the serum levels of progesterone (P) were invariably low [6].
• Women in premenopause want to know what to expect; women in perimenopause want to know that their experiences fall within the range of 'normal'; women in peri- and postmenopause need help in making sensible decisions about the use of hormone therapy [7].
• Studies were performed in younger (age 20-28 years, n = 8) and older (age 40-48 years, n = 8) subjects with normal menstrual cycles and normal gonadal steroid levels to avoid the interference of premenopause or menopause on gonadotropin secretion [8].

Associations of Premenopause with chemical compounds

• Hormonal measurements in serum showed a good level of agreement for both premenopause (pre) and postmenopause (post): androstenedione pre r = 0.70 (p less than 0.0001), post r = 0.77 (p less than 0.0001); testosterone pre r = 0.73 (p less than 0.0001), post log values r = 0.74 (p less than 0.0001) [9].
• RESULTS: Urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline remained almost constant during the premenopausal period [10].
• As observed in premenopause, estrone sulfate is quantitatively the most important circulating estrogen in postmenopausal women [11].
• Dihydrotestosterone showed a good level for premenopause only: log values pre r = 0.82 (p less than 0.0001), post r = 0.41 (p less than 0.05) [9].
• The curves of age dependence of 7-OH-DHEA levels in both sexes resembled those of previously determined unconjugated DHEA, but in the latter case the second maximum in women was found about 10 years earlier than 7-OH-DHEA, in a premenopausal period [12].

Gene context of Premenopause

• In premenopause, there was a weak negative correlation between ER and E2 levels [13].
• At pre-menopause, obese women had lower PR levels than non obese (P<.006) [14].
• The expression in normal ovaries was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in premenopause, suggesting the predominance of a sex steroid hormone effect on ovarian SHBG synthesis [15].
• Menopause does not appear to be associated with differences in CYP3A4 activity, compared with premenopause [16].
• Even in the women around the menopausal, CETP concentration in postmenopause was significantly lower than that in premenopause (1.93+/-1.33 vs. 3.42+/-1.35 mg/l, P<0.01) [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Premenopause

• According to hormonal status, the participants were subdivided into three groups, i.e. premenopause, postmenopause and peri- or postmenopausal women with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) [18].
• This finding might be an indication of a direct link between ovarian hormones, probably progesterone, and immunity, and it would challenge the concept of oophorectomy performed as a prophylactic measure in patients in the premenopausal period [19].

References