Disease relevance of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

• CONCLUSION: Intravenous methylene blue improved hypoxemia and hyperdynamic circulation in patients with liver cirrhosis and severe hepatopulmonary syndrome [1].
• Severe hypoxemia may occur in patients with liver disease as a result of abnormal intrapulmonary vasodilatations (hepatopulmonary syndrome, HPS) [2].
• The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) results from pulmonary microvascular dilatation in cirrhosis and is associated with increased pulmonary endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels [3].
• BACKGROUND: The hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is defined as the triad of liver disease, arterial deoxygenation, and pulmonary vascular dilatation [4].
• Pulmonary abnormalities, and especially hepatopulmonary syndrome, are described for the first time in association with celiac disease and nodular regenerative hyperplasia [5].

High impact information on Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

• Methylene blue in the hepatopulmonary syndrome [6].
• RESULTS: Hepatic and plasma endothelin 1 levels increased and hepatopulmonary syndrome developed only after common bile duct ligation [7].
• HO expression and CO production as measured by blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels increase in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and contribute to vasodilatation [8].
• Analysis of pulmonary heme oxygenase-1 and nitric oxide synthase alterations in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome [9].
• Nitric oxide contributes to experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome, but the nitric oxide synthase forms involved remain controversial [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

• Our aim was to explore the role of the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide pathway in the pathogenesis of experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome [9].
• METHODS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome and hepatic and plasma endothelin 1 levels were evaluated after common bile duct ligation or thioacetamide administration [7].
• The results of the present study do not support the hypothesis that octreotide improves hypoxaemia and ventilation-perfusion relationships in patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome [10].
• Prevention of hepatopulmonary syndrome and hyperdynamic state by pentoxifylline in cirrhotic rats [11].
• The effect of liver transplantation on circulating levels of estradiol and progesterone in male patients: parallelism with hepatopulmonary syndrome and systemic hyperdynamic circulation improvement [12].

Biological context of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

• BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is defined as a clinical triad including chronic liver disease, abnormal pulmonary gas exchange resulting ultimately in profound arterial hypoxaemia, and evidence of intrapulmonary vascular dilatations [13].
• These data provide in vivo evidence for the NO-mediated upregulation of HO-1 expression and support the concept that hepatopulmonary syndrome is multifactorial, involving not only NO, but also HO-1 and CO [14].
• Cardiopulmonary effects of nitric oxide inhalation and methylene blue injection in hepatopulmonary syndrome [15].

Anatomical context of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

• Thus pentoxifylline prevents development of hyperdynamic circulatory state and hepatopulmonary syndrome, probably by inhibiting the effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on vascular nitric oxide synthase and intravascular macrophages [11].

Gene context of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

• The role of endothelin-1 and the endothelin B receptor in the pathogenesis of hepatopulmonary syndrome in the rat [16].
• ET-1 produced during hepatic injury may contribute to the hepatopulmonary syndrome by modulating eNOS and inducing pulmonary microcicrulatory vasodilatation [17].
• Correlation between pulmonary endothelin receptors and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient in rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome [18].
• Hepatopulmonary syndrome in inferior vena cava obstruction responding to cavoplasty [19].
• Natural history of hepatopulmonary syndrome: Impact of liver transplantation [20].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome

• Other indications for transplantation include progression of hepatopulmonary syndrome, increasing osteoporosis, evidence of malnutrition, and development of hepatocellular carcinoma [21].
• Tc-99m MAA perfusion lung scanning in hepatopulmonary syndrome [22].

References