Disease relevance of Common Bile Duct

• The conclusion is proffered that nitrofurantoin-induced jaundice is not always due to cholestatic hepatitis, but can result from obstruction of the common bile duct due to edema of the pancreatic head secondary to nitrofurantoin pancreatitis [1].
• In humans with obstructive cholestasis, intestinal MRP2 protein expression was reduced to 27.3% +/- 20.3% of control patients; this reduction correlated with the duration of cholestasis and was reversible after reconstitution of bile flow by stenting of the common bile duct [2].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatic production and release of endothelin 1 plays a central role in experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome after common bile duct ligation by stimulating pulmonary endothelial nitric oxide production [3].
• To specifically target recombinant genes to the biliary epithelium in vivo, recombinant adenoviruses expressing lacZ or human CFTR were infused retrograde into the biliary tract through the common bile duct [4].
• These cases confirm the occurrence of common bile duct pathology and liver disease in patients with CF and pancreatic sufficiency [5].

Psychiatry related information on Common Bile Duct

• The purpose of this study was to explore a difference in sphincter of Oddi (SO) motor activity among patients with intrahepatic (I, N = 5), intra- and extrahepatic (IE, N = 15), and common bile duct (CBD, N = 6) stones [6].

High impact information on Common Bile Duct

• BOP-induced lesions in the lungs, liver, common bile duct, gallbladder, and kidneys are described; results in the pancreas were reported separately [7].
• Furthermore, experimental connection of the common bile duct to the vena cava is followed after a few hours by the appearance of LP-X-like material in the plasma [8].
• METHODS: Expression pattern of pdx1 during embryogenesis and the morphology of the common bile duct, major duodenal papilla, and duodenum in pdx1 null mice were analyzed [9].
• RESULTS: The major duodenal papilla, peribiliary glands, and mucin-producing cells in the common bile duct were not formed in pdx1 null mice [9].
• However, its expression is not restricted to pancreas, duodenum, and antral stomach but is also found in the common bile duct during embryogenesis [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Common Bile Duct

• Monooctanoin is used clinically for dissolution of common bile duct cholesterol gallstones [10].
• Sixty six adult Sprague- Dawley rats were subjected to either thioacetamide, carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)), or common bile duct ligation (CBDL) to induce liver disease (n=35, 21, and 10, respectively) [11].
• Effect of sensory denervation with capsaicin on liver fibrosis induced by common bile duct ligation in rat [12].
• To introduce a foreign gene precisely into the rat biliary epithelial cells, we developed a new technique, inserting a polyethylene catheter into the common bile duct through the papilla of Vater by use of a fusigenic cationic liposome with hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ-cationic liposome) [13].
• CASE AND TREATMENT: After intravenous injection of sodium porfimer we treated an adenocarcinoma of the proximal common bile duct (T2 N0 M0, Bismuth type II) in a 72-year-old man with red laser light (applied from the lumen at a dose 250 Joules/cm2), and the adjacent right and left hepatic and common bile duct at a dose of 125 Joules/cm2 [14].

Biological context of Common Bile Duct

• A second mutant, resulting from disruption of the tumor suppressor gene nf2, develops extrahepatic choledochal cysts in the common bile duct, suggesting that this gene regulates division of biliary cells during development and that nf2 may play a role in the hyperplastic tendencies observed in biliary cells in individuals with choledochal cysts [15].
• Our findings suggest that ductular cell proliferation in the rat induced by ligation of the common bile duct may produce elevations in the serum AFP [16].
• Pharmacokinetics of phenazone (antipyrine) in rabbits with experimental common bile duct obstruction [17].
• The 3-methylthio and the 3-methylsulfoxide derivates of acetaminophen are secondarily derived from the 3-glutathione adduct within the enterohepatic circulation, as indicated by their late appearance in the urine, the effect of common bile duct ligation and the metabolism of the minor metabolites when they themselves are administered [18].
• The postnatal development of brush cells in the distal segment of the common bile duct of the rat was examined with respect to cell number and immunoreactivity for liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) [19].

Anatomical context of Common Bile Duct

• This study aimed to elucidate the role of Pdx1 in the development of the common bile duct, major duodenal papilla, and duodenum [9].
• To clarify these issues we induced bile duct proliferation in rats by ligating the common bile duct and studied (a) hepatic incorporation of [3H]thymidine by histoautoradiography, (b) hepatic morphometry, (c) biliary tree volume using [3H]taurocholate as a marker of biliary transit time, (d) immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin no [20].
• Somatostatin was administered intravenously to male Wistar rats, recovered for 3 h from an anesthesia during which the common bile duct and jugular vein were cannulated [21].
• METHODS: Protein mass, steady-state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, and gene transcription were assessed in rat livers after common bile duct ligation (CBDL) from 1-7 days, and taurocholate uptake was determined in isolated hepatocytes [22].
• Colloidal gold taken up as a complex with low-density lipoprotein was excreted into the feces via the common bile duct at a maximal rate of about 5% daily, 4 to 12 days after injection [23].

Associations of Common Bile Duct with chemical compounds

• The occurrence rate for patients with intrahepatic stones was the same as for patients with bilirubin stones solely in the common bile duct suggesting the pathogenetic similarity of these two conditions [24].
• Methyl tert-butyl ether fails to dissolve retained radiolucent common bile duct stones [25].
• In 21 patients a total of 32 common bile duct stones, 6-12 mm (means = 8.7 mm) in diameter, were removed through the intact sphincter after its medical dilation by administration of 1.2-3.6 mg glyceryl trinitrate [26].
• Recently, increased pulmonary heme oxygenase-1 expression and carbon monoxide production have also been found after common bile duct ligation [27].
• METHODS: Mice were not treated or were rendered Kupffer cell-depleted by intravenous inoculation of multilamellar liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate, the common bile duct was ligated and divided; sham-operated animals served as controls [28].

Gene context of Common Bile Duct

• EGF treatment reduced the relative kidney weight and common bile duct dilation and downregulated renal expression of clusterin and EGF receptor [29].
• The data obtained show that MUC6 is highly expressed in gastric mucosa, duodenal Brunner's glands, gall bladder, seminal vesicle, pancreatic centroacinar cells and ducts, and periductal glands of the common bile duct; focal expression is seen in basal endometrial and endocervical glands [30].
• FXR knockout (FXR-/-) and wild-type (FXR+/+) mice were subjected to common bile duct ligation (CBDL) [31].
• Among the distal common bile duct carcinomas, the presence of poorly differentiated histology correlated with decreased survival in multivariate analysis, while labeling for p53 or Dpc4, margin status, lymph node status, and tumor dimension did not correlate significantly with survival [32].
• In 18 samples from common bile duct and 12 samples from gallbladder bile, AAT was found to be heat-stable and functionally inactive [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Common Bile Duct

• PATIENTS: Eight patients with common bile duct stones of cholesterol type undergoing conventional cholecystectomy and choledocholithotomy [34].
• BACKGROUND: Biliary decompression with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EPT) is beneficial in patients with biliary obstruction due to common bile duct (CBD) stones [35].
• Fasting gallbladder bile was collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography by placing a 7F or 8F catheter in the common bile duct and after ceruletid stimulation of gallbladder for bile microscopy and cholesterol nucleation time determination [36].
• However, this feature of narcotics could result in delayed or nonvisualization of the small bowel, simulating a distal common bile duct obstruction, in patients requiring parenteral narcotic analgesics who must undergo hepatobiliary scintigraphy [37].
• The calibre of the common bile duct in each of them was demonstrated by ultrasonogram, CT scan, radiography and laparotomy to be almost normal before recurrent attacks of pancreatitis, following which the common bile duct was shown to become grossly dilated [38].

References