Disease relevance of Anoxemia

• These studies show that vasopressin and angiotensin II are major contributors to the systemic pressor response during combined acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis [1].
• To determine whether chronic hypoxemia secondary to an intracardiac right-to-left shunt alters regulation of the myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor/adenylate cyclase system, we produced chronic hypoxemia in nine newborn lambs by creating right ventricular outflow obstruction and an atrial septal defect [2].
• An inhibition of this system by C1-INH prevented the hypoxemia induced by endotoxic shock [3].
• We speculate that MAA scans may be particularly useful in evaluating the contribution of HPS to the hypoxemia in cirrhotic patients with intrinsic lung disease [4].
• Dilantin toxicity: miliary pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Anoxemia

• Acute hypoxemia was produced in chronically catheterized sheep fetuses to determine the response time necessary to increase plasma immunoreactive erythropoietin (Ep) concentration [6].
• Hypoventilation causes the most important gas-exchange alteration in COPD patients, leading to hypercapnia and hypoxemia, especially during rapid-eye-movement sleep, when marked respiratory muscle atonia occurs [7].

High impact information on Anoxemia

• The inability of the patients with cancer to produce erythropoietin was not absolute; if they had hypoxemia, adequate erythropoietin production was restored [8].
• Enhanced plasma beta-thromboglobulin in hypoxemia: effect of dipyridamole [9].
• Effect of acetazolamide on hypoxemia during sleep at high altitude [10].
• Local cerebral glucose metabolism during controlled hypoxemia in rats [11].
• OBJECTIVE.--Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency due to hypoxemia or other causes was hypothesized to increase oxygen radical generation, damage mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and reduce adenosine triphosphate synthesis, resulting in compensatory OXPHOS gene induction [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Anoxemia

• The conclusions are cocaine alters fetal oxygenation by reducing uterine blood flow and impairing oxygen transfer to the fetus; and fetal cardiovascular changes to maternal administration of cocaine may reflect fetal hypoxemia, increased fetal levels of cocaine or fetal catecholamines, or a combination of these events [13].
• Hypoxemia from sublingual nitroglycerin [14].
• The physiological relationship of increased circulating angiotensin II and vasopressin to circulatory changes during combined hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis is unclear [1].
• These data demonstrate a down-regulation of the left ventricular beta-adrenergic receptor/adenylate cyclase system during chronic hypoxemia secondary to an intracardiac right-to-left shunt [2].
• In a model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) with secondary hypoxemia, rats were treated with vehicle or with 1 of 2 iNOS inhibitors (aminoguanidine and L-N-iminoethyl-lysine), administered by Alzet pump for 5 days and 1 [15].

Biological context of Anoxemia

• Pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypoxemia can be completely prevented by thromboxane receptor blockade [16].
• Prostaglandin control of the renal circulation in response to hypoxemia in the fetal lamb in utero [17].
• On univariate analysis, BMI, respiratory quotient, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, insulin, insulin resistance, hypoxemia, and beta-OH butyrate significantly correlated with hepatic CYP2E1 activity [18].
• We conclude the Hsp70 signal transduction pathway plays an important role in adaptation of infant human and rabbit hearts to chronic hypoxemia [19].
• Chlorine gas inhalation is usually accompanied by pulmonary toxicity and hypoxemia; the associated acidemia, when present, has been attributed to lactic acidosis [20].

Anatomical context of Anoxemia

• To investigate the mechanism behind this glucose-induced hypoxemia, eight pregnant ewes and their fetuses were studied [21].
• Circulating catecholamines were increased during the combined blood-gas derangement with vasopressin pressor and angiotensin II blockade, suggesting that the abolition of the systemic pressor response in the last 30 min of combined hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis was not related to diminished activity of the sympathetic nervous system [1].
• PGE1 had no effect on leukocyte count, the initial hypoxemia and thromboxane A2 release, or the development of acute pulmonary hypertension [22].
• Fetal blood gases, lactate, norepinephrine, and epinephrine secretion rates; and plasma norepinephrine, glucose, and immunoreactive insulin concentrations were determined at 30-min intervals during a 2-h baseline period and a 4-h period of hyperglycemia divided into 2-h segments of hypoxemia (with and without alpha-blockade) and hyperoxia [23].
• A 22 year old man with asymptomatic hypoxemia was found to have a large right to left shunt due to a rare congenital anomaly: total drainage of the right superior vena cava into the left atrium [24].

Gene context of Anoxemia

• Tissue injury that accompanies hypoxemia/reoxygenation shares features with the host response in inflammation, suggesting that cytokines, such as IL-1, may act as mediators in this setting [25].
• The significant correlations noted between CYP2E1 and hypoxemia and beta-OH butyrate suggest that these factors play a role in increased CYP2E1 activity that is seen in patients with NASH [18].
• Hypoxemia and blunted hypoxic ventilatory responses in mice lacking heme oxygenase-2 [26].
• Neuronal immunostaining for 5-LO was up-regulated occasionally during hypoxemia and focal ischemic damage [27].
• This suggests that chronic hypoxemia has an opposing effect on eNOS and nNOS gene regulation [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Anoxemia

• In patients who have severe COPD without waking hypoxemia, cor pulmonale is detected nearly twice as often by echocardiography as by clinical methods, but is usually not associated with sleep desaturation [29].
• For the eight other patients, variations in the greatly elevated cardiac output associated with hypoxemia led to poor correlations between PtcO2 and O2 delivery [30].
• MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: RSV-mediated inhibition of AFC is associated temporally with a 20-nM increase in UTP and ATP content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, hypoxemia, and altered nasal potential difference [31].
• The present case also indicates that, in the absence of cerebral ischemia or hypoxemia secondary to cardiopulmonary depression, complete clinical recovery from glutethimide-induced coma is possible no matter how severe the presenting neurologic and EEG signs [32].
• Hemoglobin saturation as measured by pulse oximetry correlated significantly with PaO2 (r = .65, p less than .0001); more importantly, an oximeter O2 Sat less than 95% showed 100% sensitivity in identifying hypoxemia (i.e., PaO2 less than 70 torr) [33].

References