Disease relevance of Ruta

• Toxicity studies in mice of ethanol extracts of Foeniculum vulgare fruit and Ruta chalepensis aerial parts [1].

High impact information on Ruta

• The higher plant Ruta graveolens produces tryptophan and elicitor-inducible, anthranilate-derived alkaloids by means of two differentially expressed nuclear genes for chloroplast-localized AS alpha subunits, AS alpha 1 and AS alpha 2 [2].
• Anthranilate synthase from Ruta graveolens. Duplicated AS alpha genes encode tryptophan-sensitive and tryptophan-insensitive isoenzymes specific to amino acid and alkaloid biosynthesis [2].
• Ruta graveolens utilizes anthranilate synthase (AS) for the synthesis both of tryptophan in primary metabolism and acridone alkaloids in secondary metabolism [3].
• Purification and cDNA cloning of anthranilate synthase from Ruta graveolens: modes of expression and properties of native and recombinant enzymes [3].
• Conjugate additions of o-iodoanilines and methyl anthranilates to acetylenic sulfones. A new route to quinolones including first syntheses of two alkaloids from the medicinal herb Ruta chalepensis [4].

Biological context of Ruta

• First syntheses of two quinoline alkaloids from the medicinal herb Ruta chalepensis via cyclization of an o-iodoaniline with an acetylenic sulfone [5].
• The first syntheses of two quinoline alkaloids found in the medicinal herb Ruta chalepensis are reported via the conjugate addition of an o-iodoaniline to an acetylenic sulfone, followed by Pd-catalyzed carbonylation, intramolecular acylation of the corresponding sulfone-stabilized carbanion, and reductive desulfonylation [5].
• Based on the Ruta ACS2 model the residues Ser132, Ala133 and Val265 were assumed to play a critical role in substrate specificity [6].
• The reaction proceeds in a manner analogous to that of chalcone synthase (CHS) which catalyzes the first committed step in flavonoid biosynthesis and cDNA and protein sequences of Ruta ACS possess a high degree of sequence homology to heterologous CHSs [7].

Associations of Ruta with chemical compounds

• The data indicate that Ruta regulates anthranilate flux into primary and secondary metabolism through differential regulation of AS genes specific to these pathways [3].
• The translated polypeptide of Mr 42,681 revealed a high degree of similarity to heterologous chalcone and stilbene synthases (70-75%), and the sequence was 94% identical to that of acridone synthase I cloned previously from elicited Ruta cells [8].
• ACSs and CHSs had been cloned from Ruta graveolens and shown to be closely related polyketide synthases which use N-methylanthraniloyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA, respectively, as the starter substrate to produce the acridone or naringenin chalcone [6].
• The common rue, Ruta graveolens L., expresses two types of closely related polyketide synthases that condense three malonyl-CoAs with N-methylanthraniloyl-CoA or 4-coumaroyl-CoA to produce acridone alkaloids and flavonoid pigments, respectively [9].
• Alkaloids and coumarins from the roots of Ruta chalepensis var. latifolia [10].

Gene context of Ruta

• Two acridone synthase cDNAs (ACS1 and ACS2) have been cloned from Ruta cell cultures, and we report now the cloning of three chalcone synthase cDNAs (CHS1 to CHS3) from immature Ruta flowers [9].
• Ruta graveolens aqueous extract retards mouse preimplantation embryo development [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ruta

• Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of acridone synthase from elicited Ruta graveolens L. cell suspension cultures [12].

References