Disease relevance of Urbanization

• The multiple logistic regression model demonstrated a significant association between the prevalence of NIDDM and both obesity and urbanization in men [1].
• Reye syndrome occurred significantly more frequently in suburban and rural areas than in central city (p less than .01), more frequently among White persons than Blacks (p less than .01), and more frequently in counties where the total population under 17 years was less than 25,000 (p less than .01) [2].
• RESULTS: The degree of urbanization had no effect on total serum cholesterol concentrations, which were very low compared with other groups in South Africa. Hypertension was independently related to age, obesity and the degree of urbanization [3].
• Effects of urbanization on transmission of human African trypanosomiasis in a suburban relict forest area of Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire [4].

High impact information on Urbanization

• DESIGN--The Compressed Mortality File, a county-level mortality and population database maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control, Hyattsville, Md, and the 1980 Human Resource Profile County Codes are used to analyze age-, sex-, and race-specific firearm and nonfirearm homicide rates by urbanization level [5].
• The best predictors of NIDDM were age, BMI, WHR, and urbanization [6].
• CONCLUSIONS: Results point to a strong association between homicide and urbanization and socioeconomic conditions in all regions of the country for both Black and White males [7].
• In particular, a significantly lower prevalence of RA in rural areas compared with urban cohorts has led to the hypothesis that environmental factors associated with urbanization may be involved in disease pathogenesis [8].
• Variables that did not significantly improve the models predicting growth included family income, degree of urbanization, serum albumin, copper, iron, and zinc levels, dietary carbohydrate, fat, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, vitamin A, vitamin C, niacin, riboflavin, and thiamine [9].

Biological context of Urbanization

• A combination of urbanization and UCP2 genotype were considered to be responsible [10].
• Two general practice variables, organization form and degree of urbanization influenced the global adherence, whereas all patient variables (age and gender) and the patient-related prescription characteristics (costs, volume, different ATC-codes) were significant predictors for the global adherence [11].

Associations of Urbanization with chemical compounds

• Our objectives were to determine (1) if stream incision associated with urbanization results in lower riparian water tables, and (2) if pools, production, and consumption of NO3- vary systematically with stream incision and riparian water table levels [12].
• During July and August of 1986, 1987, and 1988, a field study was conducted of ambient acidic aerosol levels in Toronto, Ontario. Fine particle mass (da < 2.5 microns) samples were collected twice daily at a central-city site for the determination of particulate-phase strong acidity (H+) and sulfate (SO4 =) [13].
• Only, with sophisticated mixing models will we be able to address the total effect of urbanization on CO2 levels and the contribution to regional patterns [14].
• It is concluded that black urbanization is characterized by a diminished folate status that is paradoxically associated with a lower NTD birth incidence [15].
• Urbanization and the risk of asthma among schoolchildren in the Palestinian Authority [16].

Gene context of Urbanization

• Because the kinetic properties of this enzyme were unique, we have designated it as G6PD Central City [17].
• The degree of urbanization of the domicile did not have any statistically significant effect on the mortality from ADHD [18].
• Myopia varies over age, gender, race, ethnicity, level of education, social class and degree of urbanization [19].
• RESULTS: Hospital and HHA markets are partitioned primarily by the age and education of consumers and, to a lesser extent, by urbanization levels and public funding expenditures [20].
• Decades of social and political unrest have contributed to the urbanization of the population of Peru with large-scale migration from rural Andean and Amazonian communities to overcrowded shantytowns around Lima [21].

References