Disease relevance of Campestanol

• The brassinolide precursors campesterol, campestanol, and 6-deoxocathasterone failed to rescue, suggesting that dpy may be affected in the conversion of 6-deoxocathasterone to 6-deoxoteasterone, similar to the Arabidopsis constitutive photomorphogenesis and dwarfism (cpd) mutant [1].
• Our data indicate that dietary sitostanol and campestanol are absorbed by patients with sitosterolemia and xanthomatosis and also by rats [2].

High impact information on Campestanol

• Based on these results, we propose C-23 hydroxylation shortcuts that bypass campestanol, 6-deoxocathasterone, and 6-deoxoteasterone and lead directly from (22S,24R)-22-hydroxy-5alpha-ergostan-3-one and 3-epi-6-deoxocathasterone to 3-dehydro-6-deoxoteasterone and 6-deoxotyphasterol [3].
• We show that DET2 actually acts at the second step in brassinolide biosynthesis in the 5 alpha-reduction of (24R)-24-methylcholest-4-en-3-one, which is further modified to form campestanol [4].
• CYP90B1 converted campestanol (CN) to 6-deoxocathasterone, confirming that CYP90B1 is a steroid C-22 hydroxylase [5].
• We have also detected these intermediates in the formation of campestanol from campesterol and their metabolic conversions using cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus [6].
• Hyperabsorption and retention of campestanol in a sitosterolemic homozygote: comparison with her mother and three control subjects [7].

Biological context of Campestanol

• However, campestanol absorption was only slightly increased in the sitosterolemic heterozygote and removal was as rapid as in control subjects [7].
• The purpose of this project was to assess the plasma pharmacokinetics of [(3)H]cholesterol following coadministration of a novel vegetable stanol mixture composed of sitostanol and campestanol (FCP-3P4) to fasting rats [8].
• The results demonstrate small campestanol plasma concentrations and body pools even when the rabbits consumed substantial amounts because (1) intestinal absorption was limited and (2) was further reduced by competing dietary sitostanol, and (3) campestanol was removed rapidly from the body [9].
• CYP724B2 and CYP90B3 showed substrate specificities similar to each other toward the biosynthetic intermediate compounds from campesterol to campestanol [10].

Anatomical context of Campestanol

• Fecal elimination of cholesterol was increased by about 35% and almost 60% of campestanol and sitostanol esters were hydrolyzed during their transit in gastrointestinal tract when consumed with a normal fat diet (mean daily fat 93 +/- 13g ) for 1 week [11].

Associations of Campestanol with other chemical compounds

• In feeding experiments using 2H6-labeled campesterol, no significant level of 2H6-labeled campestanol was detected in det2, whereas the wild type accumulated substantial levels [4].
• As CR is more abundant than CN in planta, the results suggest that C-22 hydroxylation of CR before C-5alpha reduction is the main route of BR biosynthetic pathway, which contrasts with the generally accepted route via CN [5].
• Consumption of 3.8 g vegetable oil based stanols (2.6 g sitostanol plus 1.2 g campestanol) lowered LDL cholesterol 14.6+/-8.0% (-0.37 mmol/l; vs. the control group; P<0.001; 95% CI for the difference, -0.22 to -0. 51 mmol/l) [12].
• Postmetamorphic South African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) were exposed to a phytosterol mixture (ca. 80% beta-sitosterol and less sitostanol, campesterol, and campestanol) for 14 days at 30 mugl(-1) in a flow-through system [13].
• This study revealed that cholestanol (C(27) sterol) was biosynthesized from both cholesterol (C(27) sterol) and campestanol (C(28) sterol) [14].

Gene context of Campestanol

• Campestanol (24-methyl-5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol) absorption and distribution in New Zealand White rabbits: effect of dietary sitostanol [9].
• Five groups of 6 or 7 mice received for 9 weeks a diet containing 0.25% cholesterol and 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, or 1.0% (wt/wt) plant stanols (sitostanol 88% [wt/wt], campestanol 10% [wt/wt]) esterified to fatty acids [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Campestanol

• Plasma campestanol concentrations determined by capillary gas-liquid chromatography were 0.72 +/- 0.03 mg/dl in the homozygote, 0.09 +/- 0.04 mg/dl in the heterozygote, and 0.05 +/- 0.03 mg/dl for the control mean [7].

References