Disease relevance of Rubean

• Copper deposits in Descemet membrane, vitreous, internal limiting membrane of the retina, and fibrous capsule around the foreign bodies could be demonstrated by rhodanine, rubeanic acid, and alizarin blue stains and were correlated with clinical findings and pathologic changes [1].
• Liver sections from 44 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis and 32 cases of non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease were stained by the rubeanic acid, rhodanine and orcein methods [2].
• Intrahepatocytic copper and copper-binding protein in primary biliary cirrhosis. Discrimination from chronic active hepatitis by means of orcein and rubeanic acid techniques [3].
• An improved staining technique for acetylcholinesterase activity using rubeanic acid in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease [4].
• To this end, liver sections obtained from patients affected by several liver diseases associated with copper overload, were stained both with the standard rubeanic acid method for copper and with our modification of the same method, incorporating microwave treatment [5].

High impact information on Rubean

• Four to five days after training, terminal arborizations of B cells iontophoretically injected with Ni2+ ions and then treated with rubeanic acid were measured with charge-coupled device (CCD)-digitized pseudocolor images of optical sections under "blind" conditions [6].
• The livers and kidneys were analysed for copper and zinc (atomic absorption spectrophotometry), and sections were stained with rubeanic acid and rhodanine for copper and for immunoreactive MT using the DNP localization system [7].
• These crystals did stain with silver nitrate/rubeanic acid with 5% acetic acid pretreatment but failed to stain with von Kossa and alizarin red at pH 4 [8].
• Rubeanic acid stains as well as energy-dispersive x-ray analysis failed to reveal significant amounts of copper in the various cell organelles studied [9].
• Macrophages and remaining hepatocytes contained pigments that were positive for copper by rubeanic acid-staining and hepatic copper concentration was high [10].

Biological context of Rubean

• Copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) were demonstrated histochemically by means of conventional stains (rubeanic acid for copper, dithizone for zinc, and cobalt nitrate for calcium) and by autometallography in various tissues of winkles (Littorina littorea) sublethally exposed to either copper or zinc dissolved in sea water [11].

Anatomical context of Rubean

• Microscopic studies showed prominent dark granules, positive with the rubeanic acid test for copper, confined to hepatocytes [12].
• Rubeanic acid-stained liver had abundant copper-positive cytoplasmic granules in hepatocytes and cells of melanomacrophage centers [13].
• The sputum specimens were stained with standard haematoxylin-eosin method and also with special method (rubeanic acid) to prove the incidence of copper granules in macrophages [14].
• The bodies of nerve cells contributing processes to these nerves were identified by means of the precipitation of nickel and cobalt ions by rubeanic acid [15].

Associations of Rubean with other chemical compounds

• Sputum specimens were conventionally stained with hematoxylin and eosin and were also tested for copper by rubeanic acid [16].
• The analytical parameters including pH, amounts of rubeanic acid, sample volume, etc. was investigated for the quantitative recoveries of Pb(II), Fe(III), Cd(II), Au(III), Pd(II) and Ni(II) [17].
• The hydrogen-bonding networks for seven new binary compounds of dithiooxamide, (NH2CS)2 (dtox) and dithiobiurea (NH2CSNH)2 (dtur) with crown ethers, 18-crown-6 (18C6), 15-crown-5 (15C5), 12-crown-4 (12C4), cis-syn-cis-(DCHA), and cis-anti-cis-(DCHB) isomers of dicyclohexyl-18 -crown-6 are discussed [18].

Gene context of Rubean

• Liver copper concentrations were elevated in 31 of 35 biopsies from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and discrimination between normal and elevated liver copper was correct in 32 of the 35 biopsies by staining with rubeanic acid, and 31 of the 35 by staining with rhodanine [19].
• An improved staining technique for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity using rubeanic acid was used to make a clinical diagnosis in 54 children with constipation [4].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Rubean

• Endometrial biopsies obtained from 12 young women wearing TCu-200 intrauterine contraceptive devices from six to 12 months were studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopes as well as with the use of rubeanic acid stains and x-ray dispersive analysis [9].
• The microscopical examination of myocardial fragments collected by intracavitary puncture biopsy, using hematoxylin-eosine and the histochemical method with rubeanic acid, showed a medium degree of myocardial damage and the presence of copper deposition in the tissue [20].
• Microscopic examination of sections from a surgical revision showed necrosis of the fat tissue and massive hyphal invasion of the perirenal fat, which contained semi-crystalline material anisotropic as seen in polarized light and characteristically staining with rubeanic acid [21].

References