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Chemical Compound Review

Vinegar     ethanoic acid

Synonyms: Acetasol, Ethylate, Somatrel, Azijnzuur, acetate, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of acetic acid

 

Psychiatry related information on acetic acid

  • Methods for its preparation use ferriprotoporphyrin IX at acid pH in the presence of acetic acid at different concentrations and degrees of ionization, elevated temperatures and long reaction times [6].
  • Acetic acid plays a crucial role in the organoleptic balance of many fermented products [7].
  • After 15 h of food deprivation, they were either killed immediately or given 2 g of a diet containing 0 (control), 0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 g acetic acid/100 g diet for 2 h [8].
  • The effect of ascorbic acid and ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis was compared, using double-blind procedures, with recognized treatment regimes [9].
  • Antinociception was performed using the hot-plate and acetic acid abdominal constriction tests in mice, and the paw pressure test in rats, while prevention of induced amnesia was evaluated in mice using the passive-avoidance test [10].
 

High impact information on acetic acid

  • INTERVENTION: Women self-collected a vaginal swab for HPV testing in the clinic and were then screened using 4 different tests: Papanicolaou smear, direct visual inspection of the cervix after the application of 5% acetic acid, cervicography, and HPV DNA testing of a clinician-obtained cervical sample [11].
  • The effector T cells provided excellent helper activity for in vitro antibody responses of 4-hydroxy-5-iodo-nitrophenyl acetic acid-primed B cells with the production principally of the immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgM isotypes, small quantities of IgG3, and no detectable IgG2a, or IgG2b [12].
  • T-cell-deficient mice, either anti-thymocyte serum treated or nude mice, were immunized with hapten (4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl acetic acid, NNP) conjugates of syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic erythrocytes [13].
  • The serotype antigen complex was isolated by mild extraction of intact organisms in 200 mM lithium acetate buffer, pH 6.0 with 10 mM EDTA for 2 h at 45 degrees C. The extract was fractionated on Sepharose 6B and partially purified by precipitation at pH 4.2 by addition of 10% (vol/vol) acetic acid [14].
  • We administered 2 exogenous agents, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and acetic acid, to assess the susceptibility of mITF/DT-A transgenic mice to colonic injury [15].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of acetic acid

 

Biological context of acetic acid

 

Anatomical context of acetic acid

  • Immunomodulation of natural killer cell activity by flavone acetic acid: occurrence via induction of interferon alpha/beta [26].
  • The fractions tested were (a) intact parenchyma, (b) acidic structural glycoproteins (ASG) extracted from lung parenchyma with 0.3 M acetic acid, and (c) isolated alveolar basement membrane (ABM) [27].
  • All of these metabolities were made in significantly greater quantities by mucosa from acetic acid-treated rats than by controls [19].
  • Furthermore, NPC 15669 (10 mg/kg) administered 7 hours after acetic acid and evaluated 24 hours after acetic acid administration significantly attenuated neutrophil influx (70% inhibition of MPO accumulation), whereas 5-ASA (100 mg/kg) displayed no therapeutic effects [28].
  • It is concluded that exposure of the epithelium to acetic acid promotes the transepithelial movement of casein leading to enhanced mast cell activation and mucosal injury [29].
 

Associations of acetic acid with other chemical compounds

 

Gene context of acetic acid

  • Reduction in the number of writhes of the COX-1-null and COX-1-deficient heterozygotes may be due to low levels of COX-1 at the site of stimulation with acetic acid [36].
  • In contrast, residues 16-19 and 31-34 were not only uniformly inaccessible to alkylation in the fibril state, but their modification with the negatively charged carboxymethyl group in monomeric Abeta also destabilized fibril elongation, confirming other data showing that these segments are likely packed into a hydrophobic amyloid core [37].
  • Furthermore it was found that unacetylated Tfs1p expressed in nat3Delta showed an approximately 100-fold decrease in CPY inhibition compared with the acetylated form, indicating that the N-terminal acetyl group is essential for CPY inhibition by Tfs1p [38].
  • An apparent Mr = 16,000 RLPG/Ser29 variant of IGF-II was also identified in the acetic acid extracts [39].
  • The inability of S. cerevisiae mutant strains (lacking mitochondrial DNA, heme lyase, or ATPase) to undergo acetic acid-induced PCD and in the ATPase mutant (knockout in ATP10) the absence of CytC release provides further evidence that the process is mediated by a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway [40].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of acetic acid

  • The peptide is inactivated by heating above 60 degrees C, but recovers full catalytic activity upon cooling and lyophilization from acetic acid [41].
  • When tissue extract was subjected to Sephadex G-50 gel filtration in 0.2 N acetic acid, the major portion of immunoreactive NSN emerged in the fractions corresponding to the molecular size of 10,000 [42].
  • Immunoreactive XP (iXP) was found by radioimmunoassay in extracts of both the antrum and body of the stomach prepared with acid/acetone or acetic acid [43].
  • Tissue fixation in 95% ethanol 1% acetic acid (EA) resulted in an enhanced and defined cytoplasmic staining of the normal colon cell lining the mucosal surface and upper levels of the glandular crypts [44].
  • Colitis was induced in rats by intracolonic injection of acetic acid or intraperitoneal injection of mitomycin C [45].

References

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  4. Increased acetyl group availability enhances contractile function of canine skeletal muscle during ischemia. Timmons, J.A., Poucher, S.M., Constantin-Teodosiu, D., Worrall, V., Macdonald, I.A., Greenhaff, P.L. J. Clin. Invest. (1996) [Pubmed]
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  8. Acetic acid feeding enhances glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. Fushimi, T., Tayama, K., Fukaya, M., Kitakoshi, K., Nakai, N., Tsukamoto, Y., Sato, Y. J. Nutr. (2001) [Pubmed]
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  10. Stereoselective increase in cholinergic transmission by R-(+)-hyoscyamine. Ghelardini, C., Gualtieri, F., Novella Romanelli, M., Angeli, P., Pepeu, G., Grazia Giovannini, M., Casamenti, F., Malmberg-Aiello, P., Giotti, A., Bartolini, A. Neuropharmacology (1997) [Pubmed]
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  12. Characterization of antigen-specific CD4+ effector T cells in vivo: immunization results in a transient population of MEL-14-, CD45RB- helper cells that secretes interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-3, IL-4, and interferon gamma. Bradley, L.M., Duncan, D.D., Tonkonogy, S., Swain, S.L. J. Exp. Med. (1991) [Pubmed]
  13. T-cell-deficient mice produce more antihapten antibodies against syngeneic than against allogeneic erythrocyte conjugates. Koskimies, S., Mäkelä, O. J. Exp. Med. (1976) [Pubmed]
  14. The serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Isolation of the outer membrane complex responsible for serotypic specificity. Johnston, K.H., Holmes, K.K., Gotschlich, E.C. J. Exp. Med. (1976) [Pubmed]
  15. A paradoxical reduction in susceptibility to colonic injury upon targeted transgenic ablation of goblet cells. Itoh, H., Beck, P.L., Inoue, N., Xavier, R., Podolsky, D.K. J. Clin. Invest. (1999) [Pubmed]
  16. Elevated serum acid phosphatase levels with rectal carcinoid tumor. Davidson, E.D., McDougal, W.S. Gastroenterology (1976) [Pubmed]
  17. Effect of indomethacin on gastric mucosal blood flow around acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Hirose, H., Takeuchi, K., Okabe, S. Gastroenterology (1991) [Pubmed]
  18. Colonic motor activity in acute colitis in conscious dogs. Sethi, A.K., Sarna, S.K. Gastroenterology (1991) [Pubmed]
  19. Metabolism of arachidonic acid in acetic acid colitis in rats. Similarity to human inflammatory bowel disease. Sharon, P., Stenson, W.F. Gastroenterology (1985) [Pubmed]
  20. Misoprostol provides a colonic mucosal protective effect during acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Fedorak, R.N., Empey, L.R., MacArthur, C., Jewell, L.D. Gastroenterology (1990) [Pubmed]
  21. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulates the production of PAF acetylhydrolase by the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. Satoh, K., Imaizumi, T., Kawamura, Y., Yoshida, H., Hiramoto, M., Takamatsu, S., Takamatsu, M. J. Clin. Invest. (1991) [Pubmed]
  22. Histone localization in polytene chromosomes by immunofluorescence. Kurth, P.D., Moudrianakis, E.N., Bustin, M. J. Cell Biol. (1978) [Pubmed]
  23. The active site architecture of Pisum sativum beta-carbonic anhydrase is a mirror image of that of alpha-carbonic anhydrases. Kimber, M.S., Pai, E.F. EMBO J. (2000) [Pubmed]
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  25. Complete genome sequence of the acetic acid bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans. Prust, C., Hoffmeister, M., Liesegang, H., Wiezer, A., Fricke, W.F., Ehrenreich, A., Gottschalk, G., Deppenmeier, U. Nat. Biotechnol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  26. Immunomodulation of natural killer cell activity by flavone acetic acid: occurrence via induction of interferon alpha/beta. Hornung, R.L., Young, H.A., Urba, W.J., Wiltrout, R.H. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1988) [Pubmed]
  27. Cold-insoluble globulin (fibronectin) in connective tissues of adult human lung and in trophoblast basement membrane. Bray, B.A. J. Clin. Invest. (1978) [Pubmed]
  28. NPC 15669, an inhibitor of neutrophil recruitment, is efficacious in acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Noronha-Blob, L., Lowe, V.C., Muhlhauser, R.O., Burch, R.M. Gastroenterology (1993) [Pubmed]
  29. Acute intestinal injury induced by acetic acid and casein: prevention by intraluminal misoprostol. Miller, M.J., Zhang, X.J., Gu, X.A., Clark, D.A. Gastroenterology (1991) [Pubmed]
  30. Heterogeneity of plasma glucagon. Circulating components in normal subjects and patients with chronic renal failure. Kuku, S.F., Jaspan, J.B., Emmanouel, D.S., Zeidler, A., Katz, A.I., Rubenstein, A.H. J. Clin. Invest. (1976) [Pubmed]
  31. Sequential histologic study of rat liver during peroxisome proliferator [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]-acetic acid (Wy-14,643)-induced carcinogenesis. Rao, M.S., Lalwani, N.D., Reddy, J.K. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1984) [Pubmed]
  32. Collagen in the human lung. Quantitation of rates of synthesis and partial characterization of composition. Bradley, K., McConnell-Breul, S., Crystal, R.G. J. Clin. Invest. (1975) [Pubmed]
  33. Manipulation of brain serotonin in the treatment of myoclonus. Chadwick, D., Jenner, P., Harris, R., Reynolds, E.H., Marsden, C.D. Lancet (1975) [Pubmed]
  34. Arylamine N-acetyltransferases - of mice, men and microorganisms. Upton, A., Johnson, N., Sandy, J., Sim, E. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. (2001) [Pubmed]
  35. Selective catalytic oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid on dispersed Mo-V-Nb mixed oxides. Li, X., Iglesia, E. Chemistry (2007) [Pubmed]
  36. Nociception in cyclooxygenase isozyme-deficient mice. Ballou, L.R., Botting, R.M., Goorha, S., Zhang, J., Vane, J.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (2000) [Pubmed]
  37. Scanning cysteine mutagenesis analysis of Abeta-(1-40) amyloid fibrils. Shivaprasad, S., Wetzel, R. J. Biol. Chem. (2006) [Pubmed]
  38. The stress-induced Tfs1p requires NatB-mediated acetylation to inhibit carboxypeptidase Y and to regulate the protein kinase A pathway. Caesar, R., Blomberg, A. J. Biol. Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  39. The identification of O-glycosylated precursors of insulin-like growth factor II. Hudgins, W.R., Hampton, B., Burgess, W.H., Perdue, J.F. J. Biol. Chem. (1992) [Pubmed]
  40. Cytochrome c release and mitochondria involvement in programmed cell death induced by acetic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ludovico, P., Rodrigues, F., Almeida, A., Silva, M.T., Barrientos, A., Côrte-Real, M. Mol. Biol. Cell (2002) [Pubmed]
  41. Design and synthesis of a peptide having chymotrypsin-like esterase activity. Hahn, K.W., Klis, W.A., Stewart, J.M. Science (1990) [Pubmed]
  42. Nature of the immunoreactive neurophysins in ectopic vasopressin-producing oat cell carcinomas of the lung. Demonstration of a putative common precursor to vasopressin and neurophysin. Yamaji, T., Ishibashi, M., Katayama, S. J. Clin. Invest. (1981) [Pubmed]
  43. Evidence for the presence of xenopsin-related peptide(s) in the gastric mucosa of mammals. Feurle, G.E., Carraway, R.E., Rix, E., Knauf, W. J. Clin. Invest. (1985) [Pubmed]
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