Disease relevance of Intrauterine Devices

• Tubal infertility and the intrauterine device [1].
• A double-blind trial of ethamsylate in the treatment of primary and intrauterine-device menorrhagia [2].
• The transmission rate was higher in couples who engaged in anal sex (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.3); in women reporting vaginitis (OR, 4.9; 95% CI, 2.4 to 10.2) or genital warts (OR, 33.3; 95% CI, 4.5 to 244.1); and in those using intrauterine devices (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.4 to 7.1) [3].
• We conducted a meta-analysis of 36 papers published between 1974 and 1990 to estimate the effects of intrauterine device (IUD) use and Dalkon Shield use, in particular, on pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) [4].
• Review of non-hormonal contraception (condoms, intrauterine devices, nonoxynol-9 and combos) on HIV acquisition [5].

High impact information on Intrauterine Devices

• CONCLUSIONS: The previous use of a copper IUD is not associated with an increased risk of tubal occlusion among nulligravid women whereas infection with C. trachomatis is [6].
• Users of the Dalkon Shield had an adjusted risk of 3.3 (1.7 to 6.1), users of the Lippes Loop or Saf-T-Coil had a risk of 2.9 (1.7 to 5.2), and users of copper IUDs had a risk of 1.6 (1.1 to 2.4) [1].
• We studied 122 such deaths reported to the Centers for Disease Control from 1972 through 1980; 21 were intrauterine (contraceptive) device related [7].
• Therefore, we analyzed the mortality rates for young, black inner-city women who used one of four methods of contraception--oral contraceptives, depomedroxyprogesterone acetate, intrauterine (contraceptive) devices, and barrier methods [8].
• Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Intrauterine Devices

• The preparation of a fluorescein-labeled Gardnerella vaginalis polyclonal antibody is described, and its usefulness is assessed for the detection of this microorganism in vaginal samples obtained from 263 women attending the gynecological department of a general hospital, 66 of whom harbored an intrauterine device [10].
• Intraperitoneal levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device following uterine perforation: the role of progestins in adhesion formation [11].
• Ectopic pregnancy rates per 1000 woman-years with progestin-only IUDs varied inversely with dose, notably for levonorgestrel-releasing devices [12].
• CONCLUSION: A Multiload Cu250 intrauterine contraceptive device releasing 1.5 microg of 3-keto-desogestrel daily is able to reduce menstrual blood loss to a very low level and to replete body iron stores in women with or without menorrhagia [13].
• Tranexamic acid, intrauterine contraceptive devices and fatal cerebral arterial thrombosis. Case report [14].

Biological context of Intrauterine Devices

• Among seven cycles from three intrauterine device (IUD) users, six showed midcycle hLH surges, and in five, hCG' was prominent (0.17-3.6 micrograms/day) in the late luteal phase [15].
• The effect of the IUD and prostaglandin F2 alpha on luteolysis in the pregnant hamster [16].
• Levels of progesterone, estradiol, LH, and FSH were measured in daily serum samples obtained from 4 subjects during a control cycle and during the first and fourth menstrual cycles after insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD) [17].
• Bone density and turnover was assessed in a longitudinal study of healthy lactating women who initiated use of Norplant((R)) implants (NOR, n = 29), progesterone vaginal rings (PVR, n = 28) or Copper T 380A intrauterine devices (T-Cu, n = 51, control group) around day 60 postpartum [18].
• At the time of menstruation, the plasma levels of both progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol were significantly higher among IUD users [19].

Anatomical context of Intrauterine Devices

• Prostaglandin E and F concentrations in human endometrium after insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device [20].
• Kainate receptor binding to hippocampal synaptosomal membranes from IUD mice at 30 d of age was significantly increased [21].
• The binding characteristics, content and intracellular distribution of cytosolic and nuclear progesterone receptors have been investigated, using [3H]progesterone as ligand, in the rat uterus bearing a unilateral intra-uterine device (IUD) during the oestrous cycle and from days 3 to 6 of pregnancy [22].
• Bacteriologic culture samples were taken from the cervix in three groups of 10 healthy, sexually active women using barrier contraception, oral contraceptives, or a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device [23].
• No difference in alpha4 integrin expression was found between IUD users and controls in both luminal and glandular epithelium [24].

Associations of Intrauterine Devices with chemical compounds

• INTERPRETATION: Prophylaxis with azithromycin did not affect the likelihood that a woman would retain her IUD at 90 days or the frequency of postinsertion medical attention [25].
• The efficacy of an anti-prostaglandin, tolfenamic acid (T.A.), in the prevention of side-effects after insertion of a copper-T200 intrauterine contraceptive device (I.U.D.) was evaluated in a double-blind trial in 160 women [26].
• Calcium carbonate and intrauterine devices [27].
• Intrauterine domoic acid-exposed (IUD) mice had significantly reduced seizure thresholds to an additional dose of domoic acid, given postnatally [21].
• Brain regional GABA levels were significantly reduced and glutamate levels increased in IUD mice [21].

Gene context of Intrauterine Devices

• Although the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD had a striking effect on local endometrial IGFBP-1 production, it had no effect on serum IGFBP-1 levels [28].
• Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) was visualized in 14.3 +/- 8.8% of nucleated IUD cells [29].
• The IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha mRNA levels were significantly higher in endometria exposed to the copper IUD compared with the control endometria in the late secretory menstrual phase, whereas no difference was found in the expression of these cytokine mRNAs during the proliferative early secretory phase [30].
• SHBG levels were lower in LNG-IUD users than in copper IUD users [31].
• Sera of age-matched non-pregnant women with intrauterine devices were also tested for the antibodies [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Intrauterine Devices

• Forty-two subjects (48%) had used contraception at some time; intrauterine devices and injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate were preferred to oral contraceptives [33].
• Risk of tubal pregnancy associated with current IUD use was compared separately to that among users of various other (or no) contraceptive methods [34].
• Statistically significant differences were not detected in the three-month gross cumulative rates for hospitalizations due to IUD complications by age (less than 30 vs 30+), parity (0-1 vs 2+), or device type (Lippes Loop and Copper T vs Delta devices vs others) [35].
• METHODS: We compared basal serum prolactin levels in 25 lactating women after depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection and in 25 lactating women of similar age who were using a copper T380A intrauterine device (control group) [36].
• In women undergoing ablation, 70% of the patients preferred this treatment and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD to hysterectomy in cases in which the success rate of noninvasive treatment was presumed to be 50% [37].

References