High impact information on Acthiol J

• Our data unambiguously demonstrate that YopT cleaves N-terminal to the prenylated cysteine in RhoA, Rac, and Cdc42 and that the cleavage product of the GTPases is geranylgeranyl cysteine methyl ester [1].
• Next, we produced a specific polyclonal antibody against farnesyl cysteine methyl ester allowing prenylation analysis avoiding the metabolic labeling restrictions [2].
• Two models have been proposed for the selective targeting of K-Ras4B, which contains a C-terminal farnesyl cysteine methyl ester adjacent to a polybasic peptide segment, to the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane [3].
• Endoproteolytic cleavage requires the S-prenylated cysteine methyl ester and, in agreement with transfection studies, is more active with the farnesylated than geranylgeranylated cysteinyl substrate [4].
• Prior studies of overexpressed wild-type and mutant lamin A proteins in cultured cells have indicated that the precursor possesses the typical carboxyl-terminal S-farnesylated, cysteine methyl ester and that farnesylation is required for endoproteolysis to occur [4].

Biological context of Acthiol J

• Both kinetics of the reaction and the mechanistic aspects of the decomposition of S-nitroso derivatives of glutathione, L-cysteine, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine, N-acetylcysteamine, L-cysteine methyl ester, and D,L-penicillamine have been investigated at neutral and acidic pH [5].
• Studies on substrate specificity demonstrated that cysteine derivatives other than cysteine methyl ester and cysteine-sulfinic acid could not serve as substrates for this enzyme [6].
• Kinetics and mechanistic studies of the hydrolysis of diisocyanate-derived bis-thiocarbamates of cysteine methyl ester [7].
• The use of cysteine methyl ester and buthionine sulfoximine to modulate GSH suggested that GSH homeostasis was important in leading to activation of transcription factors [8].

Anatomical context of Acthiol J

• Identification of an isoprenylated cysteine methyl ester hydrolase activity in bovine rod outer segment membranes [9].
• On the occurrence of multiple isoprenylated cysteine methyl ester hydrolase activities in bovine adrenal medulla [10].
• Additional proof that cysteine uptake results from a carrier-mediated process and is not due to simple diffusion or to a membrane channel, was obtained in countertransport experiments, in which melanosomes preloaded with cysteine methyl ester took up significantly more [35S]cysteine than did unloaded controls [11].
• Low concentrations (10(-7) and 10(-6)M) of L-cysteine methyl ester produced, as histological changes, decreases in the total goblet cell number and the thickness of the acini of submucosal glands, and an increase in the acinar inner diameter [12].

Associations of Acthiol J with other chemical compounds

• The use of radioactive cysteine methyl ester for labeling glycosylated molecules oxidized by periodate or neuraminidase plus galactose oxidase [13].
• The reactions of copper(II)-aliphatic polyamine complexes with cysteine, cysteine methyl ester, penicillamine, and glutathione have been investigated, with the goal of understanding the relationship between RS- -Cu(II) adduct structure and preferred redox decay pathway [14].
• It was found that L-cysteine, L-cysteine methyl ester and D-penicillamine were very efficient reductants for cytochrome c, whereas N-acetylated amino acids (N-acetyl-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-D-cysteine) reacted considerably slower [15].
• The role of hydrogen bonding in the selectivity of L-cysteine methyl ester (CYSM) and L-cysteine ethyl ester (CYSE) for chloride ion [16].

References