Disease relevance of Velpar

• Two hexazinone-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from soil by enrichment culture technique, and identified as Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter cloacap [1].
• Acute and environmental toxicity studies with hexazinone [2].
• Hexazinone is a moderate to severe eye irritant in the rabbit and produced only mild erythema in rabbit skin at 5278 mg/kg, a dose which did not produce lethality or other clinical signs [2].

High impact information on Velpar

• Diuron and hexazinone were applied in December to a 3-yr-old alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) crop [3].
• Nitrogen fixation was unaffected by hexazinone levels up to FRx100 following a 4-week incubation period [4].
• Remarkable changes in exergy and structural exergy occurred under acidic conditions and in the presence of Dursban, 24D-DMA, permethrin, bifenthrin, Carbaryl, TCP, PCP, trichlorethylene, benzene, and high doses of Cu, oil, and hexazinone [5].
• Experiments were conducted to measure acute lethal response of aquatic insects to hexazinone (Velpar L) and triclopyr ester (Garlon 4) in flow-through laboratory bioassays, and to determine lethal and behavioral effects of these herbicides on insects in outdoor stream channels [6].
• As a result, findings in the present investigation provide useful information for soil and water decontamination of hexazinone [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Velpar

• Based on published toxicity data and estimates of leaf consumption, the herbicide residues in leaves of E. coca var. coca plants treated with tebuthiuron or hexazinone at twice the recommended control rates or less would have a negligible contribution to the health risks of individuals who chew coca leaves [8].

Associations of Velpar with other chemical compounds

• Six non-fermentative bacteria were isolated from Colombian (South America) and Hawaiian (USA) soils after enrichment with minimal medium supplemented with two herbicides, hexazinone (Hex) and tebuthiuron (Teb) [9].
• Compared with the relevant results for the groundwater-sand mixture phase, the estimated half-life of pesticides in the groundwater phase alone was shorter for procymidone (21 days) but longer for hexazinone (134 days); atrazine was not degraded in the groundwater phase [10].

Gene context of Velpar

• Persistence and degradation of the herbicide hexazinone in soils of lowbush blueberry fields in Nova Scotia, Canada [11].
• Hexazinone [3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine 2,4(1H,3H)-dione; CAS 51235-04-2] was tested for oral toxicity in rats (both 90-day and 2-year feeding studies), mice (8-week and 2-year feeding studies), and dogs (90-day feeding study) [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Velpar

• A comparison was made between CE and an established HPLC method of the hexazinone and metabolite B [13].
• Determination of hexazinone and its metabolites in groundwater by capillary electrophoresis [13].
• No significant mortality (chi 2 P greater than 0.05) occurred in 13 test species exposed to hexazinone in laboratory flow-through bioassays (1-hr exposure, 48-hr observation) at the maximum test concentration of 80 mg/liter [6].
• Determination of hexazinone and metabolite residues using nitrogen-selective gas chromatography [14].
• Determination of hexazinone in groundwater by direct-injection high-performance liquid chromatography [15].

References