Disease relevance of Sumilex

• To clarify the mechanism of species difference in the induction of testicular interstitial cell tumor (ICT, Leydig cell tumor) between rats and mice, male Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice were fed procymidone at dietary concentrations of 700, 2000 or 6000 ppm and 1000, 5000, or 10,000 ppm, respectively, for 3 months [1].
• Poor solubility of procymidone and fludioxonil appeared to be partly responsible for the low toxicity of these fungicides [2].

High impact information on Sumilex

• The combined effects of vinclozolin and procymidone do not deviate from expected additivity in vitro and in vivo [3].
• In vitro both vinclozolin and procymidone significantly inhibited the binding of agonist to the androgen receptor with the concentration that resulted in 50% inhibition (IC(50)) values of 0.1 and 0.6 micro M, respectively [3].
• The pattern of inductions/suppressions recorded in the three different tissues suggests that procymidone exerts complex effects on the CYP profile [4].
• The studied gene expressions were changed by 100 mg/kg procymidone [3].
• Induction and suppression of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and generation of oxygen radicals by procymidone in liver, kidney and lung of CD1 mice [4].

Biological context of Sumilex

• In addition, perinatal procymidone treatment had a marked effect on the histology of the lateral and ventral prostatic and seminal vesicular tissues of the offspring (at 50 mg kg-1 day-1 and above) [5].
• In vivo, maternal procymidone exposure at 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg kg-1 day-1 during gestation and early lactation (gestational day 14 to postnatal day 3) altered reproductive development of male offspring at all dosage levels tested [5].
• Fish exposed for 14 days to procymidone and then placed for 14 days in clean water showed nearly complete decontamination of the liver, but MT concentrations remained high [6].
• Procymidone 100 muM stimulated cell growth from day 3 up to day 12 and raised the level of pS2 on day 3 [7].

Anatomical context of Sumilex

• In summary, the antiandrogenic activity of procymidone was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro in cell lines transfected with hAR [5].
• In summary, the results of the study clearly support the idea that the estrogenic activity of procymidone in primary cultured trout hepatocytes is mediated by ROS production, and that this activity is similar to that of the ligand-independent ER activation involving MAPK [8].
• Procymidone significantly inhibited TP-induced re-growth of accessory sex organs at 25mg/kg per day and above, whereas glans penis weight significantly decreased (to 69% of the control), but only at 100 mg/kg per day [9].

Associations of Sumilex with other chemical compounds

• For procymidone, reproductive organ weights were diminished at 10 mg/kg and LH was increased at a concentration of 25 mg/kg and above, compared to the testosterone-treated controls [3].
• Analysis of thiabendazole and procymidone in fruits and vegetables by capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry [10].
• In the oven-drying process, benalaxyl, metalaxyl, and vinclozolin showed the same residue value in the fresh and dried fruit, whereas iprodione and procymidone resides were lower in raisins than in the fresh fruit [11].
• The dicarboximide fungicide procymidone was studied systematically by using direct current polarography, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse polarography (DPP), controlled potential electrolysis, and millicoulometry in the universal buffer medium with dimethylformamide as the solvent [12].
• Therefore, we investigated whether 17beta-estradiol, bisphenol-A (BSP), silymarin, genistein, resveratrol, procymidone, linurone and benzophenone-3 (BP3) modulate differentiation of rat calvarial osteoblast-like (ROB) cells in primary in vitro culture [13].

Gene context of Sumilex

• Thus, procymidone does not bind the c-Neu membrane receptor, excluding this indirect ER activation pathway [7].
• Estrogenic effect of procymidone through activation of MAPK in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line [7].
• The fungicide procymidone alters sexual differentiation in the male rat by acting as an androgen-receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro [5].
• The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chemical stress induced by the dicarboximide fungicide procymidone on hepatic structure, MT content and antioxidative defences (catalase and glutathione reductase activities and glutathione content) in the common fish Rutilus rutilus [6].
• This suggests a difference between the rat and mouse in the response of the Leydig cell to the LH stimulation associated with procymidone administration [1].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sumilex

• Plants were sprayed with Sumisclex 50 WP (1077.5 g of ai/ha) 52 days after the transplantation, and sampling was carried out daily during two different periods of 6 and 5 consecutive days, respectively, around the two harvest days (days 12 and 28 after the treatment) [14].

References