Disease relevance of Permethrin

• Community control of scabies: a model based on use of permethrin cream [1].
• We propose that an equivalent shift of the sodium current activation curve in kdr insects could account for their low sensitivity to permethrin toxicity [2].
• Single application of Nix (permethrin 1% creme rinse) and Rid were compared as treatments for Pediculosis capitis in 435 patients, the majority of whom were children [3].
• Impregnation of clothing with permethrin is suggested for nonimmune populations who are likely to be exposed to malaria or leishmaniasis over a period of 1-2 months [4].
• Is permethrin 5% cream effective for rosacea [5]?

Psychiatry related information on Permethrin

• Three residents with severe dementia and notably impaired functional status failed to respond to Permethrin cream (5%) [6].
• Open-field studies showed increased spontaneous locomotor activity in the groups treated with permethrin and the one treated with cypermethrin, while a higher number of center entries and time spent in the center was observed for the cypermethrin-treated group [7].
• Permethrin-treated fabric was toxic to body lice on contact and quickly affected feeding behavior and the likelihood of disease transmission, even when washed up to 20 times [8].

High impact information on Permethrin

• The 2679-bp native 5'-flanking region of the CYP2B1 gene conferred reporter gene activation by PB and the potent PB-like inducer permethrin (PM) [9].
• Some representative standard pyrethroid insecticides, namely permethrin, phenotrin, cypermethrin, sanmarton and fenpropathrin, were subjected to base hydrolysis with the aim of facilitating the indirect determination of these neutral species of low water solubilities by aqueous capillary electrophoresis [10].
• OBJECTIVES: To determine if NIX (Warner Lambert Healthcare, Morris Plains, NJ) 1% Permethrin Creme Rinse Lice Treatment (1% PLT) without combing will effectively treat >/=95% of patients on day 2 or on day 15; to determine whether combing influences efficacy [11].
• Furthermore, permethrin induced CYP3A1 mRNA expression, while the expression of the CYP1A1 isoform, which in vivo is not responsive to PB treatment, was not significantly affected by pyrethroids [12].
• Thus, subchronic dermal application of DEET and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, leads to a diffuse neuronal cell death in the cerebral cortex, the hippocampal formation, and the cerebellum [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Permethrin

• Although permethrin has not yet been proven to be more effective than lindane in treating infections with these ectoparasites, it currently appears to have the best efficacy versus safety profile of topical treatments for scabies and lice [14].
• These studies support DEET, but not permethrin or carbaryl, as having sufficient systemic exposure to potentially cause signs of toxicity when simultaneously applied with pesticides [15].
• Although the pesticides chlorpyrifos, DDT, permethrin, esfenvalerate, and fenvalerate were detected in this sediment, and their concentrations were below published toxicity thresholds for H. azteca, additivity or synergism may have occurred [16].
• Four pyrethroids, allethrin, resmethrin, permethrin and fenvalerate, were tested for mutagenicity in bacterial reversion assay systems with seven strains (TA1535, TA100, TA1538, TA98, TA1537, TA97 and TA104) of Salmonella typhimurium [17].
• Pyrethroid insecticides, fenvalerate and permethrin, inhibit progesterone-induced alkaline phosphatase activity in T47D human breast cancer cells [18].

Biological context of Permethrin

• Thirty-seven local public health departments enrolled a total of 38,160 patients for 47,578 treatments with permethrin or other pediculicides from September 1, 1986, through January 31, 1988 [19].
• Thus, permethrin-stimulated gene expression occurred on the transcriptional level [12].
• Furthermore, permethrin stimulated the expression of the luciferase reporter gene under control of the CYP2B1 promoter (comprising the PB-responsive enhancer module) in transiently transfected primary hepatocyte cultures [12].
• Effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on immunity to malaria in western Kenya II. Antibody responses in young children in an area of intense malaria transmission [20].
• The first QTL, rtp1, colocalizes with the sodium channel gene on chromosome 2L thus further supporting the importance of mutations in this gene in conferring permethrin resistance [21].

Anatomical context of Permethrin

• Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and Purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum [13].
• Effect of permethrin on the induction of sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in cultured human lymphocytes [22].
• The elimination half-life (t1/2el) of permethrin was greater for the hippocampus, medulla oblongata, frontal cortex, and sciatic nerve (23.10, 22.36, 13.86, and 16.27 hr, respectively) than for plasma (t1/2 beta, 12.37 hr) [23].
• We analyzed the consequences of V421M and L1029H mutations constructed in the Drosophila para sodium channel heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and found that both mutations confer channel insensitivity to permethrin, with the L1029H mutation having a more pronounced effect [24].
• Furthermore, DSC profiles reveal that permethrin decreases the cooperativity for the phase transition of DMPC, DPPC and DSPC membranes [25].

Associations of Permethrin with other chemical compounds

• The effects of DDT and permethrin on inhibition of reconstituted Ca-ATPase were higher when the insecticide was first added to the protein portion and the enzyme was then reconstituted with the phospholipids, than when the same amount of insecticide was first added to the phospholipids which were then used for reconstitution [26].
• Neither permethrin nor d-trans allethrin affected pS2 expression [27].
• Evidence for double resistance to permethrin and malathion in head lice [28].
• Effectiveness of residual spraying of peridomestic ecotopes with deltamethrin and permethrin on Triatoma infestans in rural western Argentina: a district-wide randomized trial [29].
• In vivo blood and brain levels of the scabicides were measured in guinea pigs following three daily applications of 5% permethrin cream or 1% lindane lotion [30].

Gene context of Permethrin

• In the present study, we evaluated the interaction of three pyrethroids (esfenvalerate, fenvalerate, and permethrin) with androgen receptor (AR)- and estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanisms using in vivo short-term assays [31].
• IFNgamma knockout mice displayed similar diminished CH responses to cUCA or permethrin alone [32].
• Fenvalerate, permethrin, and cypermethrin induced pS2 mRNA expression with varying potency, while there were no significant effects in deltamethrin-treated groups [33].
• The high dose of permethrin did not produce a significant change in dopamine transporter or tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining, but resulted in a significant increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining [34].
• Topical treatment with 10 ng permethrin elevated cytochrome P450 mRNA levels by approximately 2-fold [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Permethrin

• This study confirmed the safety profile of permethrin in conditions of general use, as seen in clinical trials [19].
• Immunoblotting analysis of c-Fos and a gel-mobility assay of AP-1 DNA-binding activity supported the decrease in c-Fos synthesis in permethrin-treated CGCs [36].
• An observational, epidemiological study was undertaken to evaluate the safety of permethrin 1% creme rinse (Nix) for treatment of head lice infestations [19].
• Their survival was compared following exposure to residues of graded doses of permethrin in an in vitro bioassay [37].
• A significant increase in male bias was found for only one backcross to R, after treatment with permethrin [38].

References