Disease relevance of HSDB 3516

• Murine Cyp1a-1 induction in mouse hepatoma Hepa-1C1C7 cells by myristicin [1].
• The present study was conducted to assess the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of myristicin on the human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells [2].
• The acute toxicity of myristicin appears to be low [3].
• Several intoxications have been reported after an ingestion of approximately 5 g of nutmeg, corresponding to 1-2 mg myristicin/kg body weight (b.w.). Although these intoxications may be ascribed to the actions of myristicin, it is likely that other components of nutmeg may also be involved [3].

High impact information on HSDB 3516

• Stimulation of GST activity by myristicin could be a major mechanism for its inhibition of B[a]P or other carcinogens that may be detoxified in the same manner [4].
• It was postulated that these effects could be attributable to metabolic formation of amphetamine derivatives from the main nutmeg ingredients elemicin (EL), myristicin (MY), and safrole (SA) [5].
• Mouse hepatoma Hepa-1c1c7 (Hepa-1) cells were treated with myristicin to assess the role of myristicin in the process of Cyp1a-1 induction [1].
• These results suggest that the induction of Cyp1a-1 gene expression by myristicin in Hepa-1 cells might occur through an Ah receptor-independent pathway [1].
• A/J albino mice, given 5 to 50 mg doses of myristicin, showed 4- to 14-fold increase in liver GST specific activity over the control [6].

Biological context of HSDB 3516

• On the other hand, it was shown that elemicin is not synthesized via myristicin but from the possible common precursor, methyleugenol, in the plant having the dominant gene E. These results validate the hypothetical pathways proposed by Hegnauer and Fujita [7].
• This myristicin-induced apoptosis provides further insight of the molecular mechanisms of myristicin toxicity [2].
• We found that a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability occurs at myristicin concentration > or =0.5 mM in SK-N-SH cells [2].
• The effect of the LC50 of the three isolated compounds (apiol, myristicin and d-carvone) from dill, Anethum graveolus on growth and reproduction of Parasarcophaga dux showed that three compounds especially apiol caused significant reduction in the percentage of adults emergence and females fecundity [8].

Anatomical context of HSDB 3516

• Myristicin showed high activity as an inducer of the detoxifying enzyme GST in the liver and small intestinal mucosa of female A/J mice [4].
• These findings suggest that the hepatoprotective activity of myristicin might be, at least in part, due to the inhibition of TNF-alpha release from macrophages [9].

Associations of HSDB 3516 with other chemical compounds

• A new compound TRANS-3-methoxy-4,5-methylene-dioxycinnamaldehyde ( 1) has been isolated from the aerial parts of CASSIA GRANDIS (Caesalpiniaceae) along with the known compounds aloe emodin, centaureidin, catechin, myristicin, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2,4,6-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, and beta-sitosterol [10].
• Treatment of Hepa-1 cells with myristicin increased Cyp1a-1 transcription in a dose-dependent manner as shown by analysis of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity, Cyp1a-1 protein level, and Cyp1a-1 mRNA [1].
• Analysis of myristicin and falcarinol in carrots by high-pressure liquid chromatography [11].
• With a microsomal sample having high CYP3A4 activity, microsomal oxidation of myristicin to the major metabolite (5-allyl-1-methoxy-2,3-dihydroxybenzene) was markedly inhibited by gestodene and ketoconazole, selective inhibitors of CYP3A enzymes, but not by any of several other P450 inhibitors [12].

Gene context of HSDB 3516

• Roles of human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 and 1A2 enzymes in the oxidation of myristicin [12].
• The aim of this work was to identify the form(s) of human liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) involved in the hepatic transformation of myristicin to its major metabolite, 5-allyl-1-methoxy-2,3-dihydroxybenzene [12].
• The apoptosis triggered by myristicin was accompanied by an accumulation of cytochrome c and by the activation of caspase-3 [2].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of HSDB 3516

• When increased levels of P450 mRNA by myristicin were examined by Northern blot analysis, levels of mRNA of P450 1A1/2 and 2B1/2 also increased [13].
• Abuse of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.): studies on the metabolism and the toxicologic detection of its ingredients elemicin, myristicin, and safrole in rat and human urine using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry [5].

References