Disease relevance of Cassia

• Antioxidant activities of phenolic, proanthocyanidin, and flavonoid components in extracts of Cassia fistula [1].
• EDTA (0.85 mM) reduced the MICs of Cinnamomum cassia and Cissus rotundifolia by at least 50% when tested against E. coli, S. infantis, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes [2].
• The value of a mixture of cassia and citronella oils for detection of hypersensitivity of essential oils [3].
• The authors suggest the introduction of a mixture of two essential oils (citronellol and cassia) for consecutive testing of patients with dermatitis [3].
• RESULTS: Cassia auriculata flower extract (CFEt), at doses of 0.15, 0.30 and 0.45 g/kg body weight for 30 days, suppressed the elevated blood glucose and lipid levels in diabetic rats [4].

High impact information on Cassia

• Barakol extracted from Cassia siamea stimulates chloride secretion in rat colon [5].
• To better understand the regulatory process leading to efflux of organic acids, the possible involvement of salicylic acid (SA) in regulating Al-induced citrate release in Cassia tora L. was identified [6].
• Molecular characterization of root-specific chalcone synthases from Cassia alata [7].
• Cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde as NF-kappaB inhibitors from Cinnamomum cassia [8].
• In the present study, an extract from stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia Blume(Lauraceae) was discovered to have an inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NF-KB transcriptional activity, which was determined using macrophages RAW 264.7 transfected stably with an alkaline phosphatase reporter construct containing four copies of the NF-KB binding KB sequence [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cassia

• The anti-inflammatory activity of Cassia occidentalis leaf powder and an ethanol extract of Cardiospermum halicacabum aerial parts were assayed in male albino rats using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema [9].
• The oral effectiveness of Cassia alata leaf extract on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats has been studied and the results compared with glybenclamide [10].
• Ethanol extract of Senokot tablets (Cassia senna concentrate used as vegetable laxative), was found to be non-mutagenic while it inhibited the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene, shamma, aflatoxin B1 and methyl methanesulfonate in the Ames histidine reversion assay using the Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA98 [11].
• A new biologically active flavone glycoside from the seeds of Cassia fistula (Linn.) [12].
• Aqueous extract of Cassia fistula (Linn.) flowers (ACF) was screened for its antioxidant effect in alloxan induced diabetic rats [13].

Biological context of Cassia

• Three cDNAs encoding very similar but unique isoforms of chalcone synthase (EC 2.3.1.74) were isolated from a cDNA library prepared from RNA from root tissue of the Thai medicinal plant Cassia alata L [7].
• Furthermore, single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of PCR products from the trnL-trnF IGS and the trnL intron resulted in different SSCP band patterns among C. cassia, C. zeylanicum and C. burmannii [14].
• Seasonal variations of hydroxyanthraquinone content of cultivated Cassia spectabilis DC [15].
• Protective effect of Cassia occidentalis L. on cyclophosphamide-induced suppression of humoral immunity in mice [16].
• Results showed that at 1.0 mg/mL, the ethanol extracts of C. cassia (96.30%) exhibited a greater inhibition than the alpha-tocopherol (93.74%) on FeCl(2)-ascorbic acid induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver homogenate in vitro [17].

Anatomical context of Cassia

• 3,3',4,5'-Tetrahydroxystilbene (I), a constituent of Cassia garrettiana, strongly inhibited the anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human basophils in vitro at concentrations of 3 to 30 microM [18].
• 3,3',4,5'-Tetrahydroxystilbene (I) and 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxybibenzyl (II), isolated from the heartwood of Cassia garrettiana Craib (Leguminosae), showed inhibitory effects on antigen-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro [19].
• In pentobarbital anesthetized rats, the medial portion of the medullary reticular formation has been identified to be directly involved in the hypotensive effect of extracts from the seeds of Cassia tora [20].

Associations of Cassia with chemical compounds

• Anthraquinone pigments from cassia occidentalis [21].
• Antinociceptive profile of (-)-spectaline: a piperidine alkaloid from Cassia leptophylla [22].
• The results obtained are useful as a step towards standardisation of allergen extracts of Cassia species and are also worthy of further investigations both in relation to cross-reactivity and characterisation of allergens [23].
• In this study, we evaluated the antimutagenic effect of C. cassia against two mutagens, viz. benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and cyclophosphamide (CP) [24].
• C. cassia pretreatment decreased Cyt P450 content but increased GSH content and the activity of glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzymes, viz [24].

Gene context of Cassia

• Significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and reduced glutathione were observed in brain on treatment with Cassia auriculata flower extract (CFEt) and glibenclamide [25].
• 2'-Hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) was isolated from Cinnamomum cassia Blume (Lauraceae) and 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) was prepared by the reaction of HCA and benzoyl chloride [26].
• Antioxidant effects of extracts from Cassia tora L. prepared under different degrees of roasting on the oxidative damage to biomolecules [27].
• Antiallergic agent from natural sources. 2. Structures and leukotriene release-inhibitory effect of torososide B and torosachrysone 8-O-6"-malonyl beta-gentiobioside from Cassia torosa Cav [28].
• Cassia gum is approved for use in Europe by the Commission Directive (EEC No. E 499) and is listed in the Annex of the Council Directive (70/524/EEC) as a stabilizer (thickening and gelling agent) in the manufacture of canned pet foods (for cats and dogs) [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cassia

• The behavioural effects of an extract of Cassia siamea, a plant used in Thai traditional medicine, and barakol, its active chemical, were studied on an elevated plus-maze compared with diazepam [30].
• Oral administration of cassia oil significantly reduced serum and hepatic urate levels in hyperuricemic mice in a time- and dose-dependent manner [31].
• An improved method for the analysis of sennosides in Cassia angustifolia by high-performance liquid chromatography [32].
• In accord with this, skin tests with the mixture yielded positive results in nearly all cases of hypersensitivity to citronella or cassia oil and in these cases only [3].
• An MEKC method was developed for the determination of the five pharmaceutically important anthraquinones: chrysophanol (1), physcion (2), emodin (3), aloe-emodinin (4), and rhein (5) in Cassia obtusifolia (Leguminosae) [33].

References