Disease relevance of Ferruginol

• Ferruginol and 6,12-dihydroxyabieta-5,8,11,13-tetraen-7-one showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria [1].
• It seems that Epicubenol and Ferruginol appear to be a target for tolerance after transplantation and in autoimmune diseases [2].
• Our results support that ferruginol acts as gastroprotective increasing the PGs content, protecting the cells against lipid peroxidation and improving the gastric ulcer healing by a stimulating effect on the cell proliferation [3].

High impact information on Ferruginol

• Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the n-hexane extract demonstrated that ferruginol, a diterpene phenol, the molecular weight of which is 286, constituted one of the predominant constituents of the extract [4].
• From these results, Epicubenol and Ferruginol may induce IL-10-producing Treg 1 cells from naïve T cells by modulating DC function [2].
• The expression levels of CD1a, CD83, and HLA-DR as expressed by mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on Epicubenol-primed DC or Ferruginol-primed DC were enhanced [2].
• Human monocytes were cultured with GM-CSF and IL-4 for 6 days under standard conditions, followed by another 2 days with Epicubenol or Ferruginol [2].
• Epicubenol and Ferruginol induce DC from human monocytes and differentiate IL-10-producing regulatory T cells in vitro [2].

Biological context of Ferruginol

• Ferruginol and compounds 5-9, 16, 18 and 20 were the most toxic compounds against fibroblasts (IC50 19-56 muM), with a correlation to AGS cells [5].

Anatomical context of Ferruginol

• The expression of FoxP3 mRNA on T cells that develop in co-culture of Epicubenol-primed DC or Ferruginol-primed DC and naïve T cells was lower [2].
• Moreover, T cells that develop in co-culture of Epicubenol-primed DC or Ferruginol-primed DC and naïve T cells at 1:5 ratio suppressed the proliferation of autologous T cells at Treg cells: Ttarget cells and this suppression of proliferation was inhibited by anti-IL-10 mAb [2].
• The effect of ferruginol on human erythrocyte membrane lipoperoxidation was determined [3].
• In order to obtain active compounds with less cytotoxicity, 18 semisynthetic ferruginol derivatives and totarol were assessed for their gastroprotective effects in the HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesion model in mice, as well as for cytotoxicity in human gastric epithelial cells (AGS) and human lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) [5].

Associations of Ferruginol with other chemical compounds

• Three new diterpenes, salviviridinol, viridinol, viridone, five known diterpenes, sugiol, 1-oxoferruginol, ferruginol, aethiopinone and microstegiol, abietane and rearranged abietane diterpenes were isolated from the roots of Salvia viridis [6].
• Seven diterpenoids, 3-ketosapriparaquinone ( 1), salvilenone, 3-hydroxysalvilenone ( 2), arucadiol, royleanone, sugiol, and ferruginol were isolated from the root of SALVIA PRIONITIS Hance (Labiatae); Compounds 1 and 2 are new natural products [7].
• Eight diterpenoids, trilobinol ( 1), trilobinone ( 2), ferruginol, horminone, 7alpha-acetylroyleanone, 6beta-hydroxyroyleanone, virgatol and cryptanol were isolated from the roots of SALVIA TRILOBA L. fil [8].
• Compounds that showed the greatest cytotoxicity towards AGS cells were ferruginol (2), the corresponding formate (5), acetate (6), propionate (7), 8, 9, 12-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-abieta-8,11,13-triene (16), 18 and totarol (20) (IC50 18-44 muM) [5].

Gene context of Ferruginol

• Ferruginol stimulated cell proliferation at 1-2 microM in AGS cells and at 4-8 microM in fibroblasts, with cytotoxicities (IC50) of 24 and 26 microM, respectively [3].

References