Disease relevance of Lamiaceae

• Isolation of a previously unidentified polysaccharide (MAR-10) from Hyssop officinalis that exhibits strong activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [1].
• (Labiatae) extracts led to the isolation of eighteen active principles 1-18, responsible for the cytotoxicity against five cultured human tumor cell lines, i.e., A549 (non-small cell lung), SK-OV-3 (ovary), SK-MEL-2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nerve system) and HCT-15 (colon), using the SRB (sulfrhodamine-B) method in vitro [2].
• Additionally, hyperglycemia in sucrose- and maltose-loaded mice was significantly suppressed at an early stage, within 30 to 60 min by oral pre-administration of 300 and 100 mg/kg hyssop extracts, respectively [3].
• The basis for managing diabetes mellitus with aqueous extract of Ocimum canum Sim (Lamiaceae), in Ghana was investigated in diabetic and normoglycemic mice [4].

High impact information on Lamiaceae

• Drought-induced changes in the redox state of alpha-tocopherol, ascorbate, and the diterpene carnosic acid in chloroplasts of Labiatae species differing in carnosic acid contents [5].
• Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic and is found in several herbs in the Lamiaceae family, such as, Perilla frutescens [6].
• Six novel 4,5-seco-rearranged abietane diterpenoids, including one tetracyclic diterpenoid, prionoid A (1), two tricyclic diterpenoids, prionoids B (2) and C (3), and three dicyclic diterpenoids, prionoids D (4), E (5), and F (6), were isolated from the roots of Salvia prionitis Hance (Labiatae) [7].
• Don (Lamiaceae) (SB) is a perennial herb, which is natively distributed throughout Korea and southern China. This herb is known in traditional Chinese Medicine as Ban-Zhi-Lian and traditional Korean medicine as Banjiryun, respectively [8].
• A field experiment carried out during 2001--2002 under semi-arid conditions of Hyderabad, India investigated the effect of three different methods of harvesting at full bloom stage, on essential oil yield and quality of methyl eugenol rich sacred/holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.f.; Lamiaceae) [9].

Biological context of Lamiaceae

• Substrate specificity of recombinant chalcone synthase (CHS) from Scutellaria baicalensis (Labiatae) was investigated using chemically synthesized aromatic and aliphatic CoA esters [10].
• A phylogeny of basils and allies (Lamiaceae, tribe Ocimeae) based on sequences of the trnL intron, trnL-trnF intergene spacer and rps 16 intron of the plastid genome is presented [11].
• Two neolignans were isolated from leaves of Perilla frutescens (Labiatae) as inhibitors of nitric oxide syntheses (IC50 5.9 microM and 53.5 microM, respectively) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW 264.7 cells [12].
• Inhalation of lavender oil (p<0.01) and hyssop oil (p<0.01) increased the immobile state in mice that were treated with caffeine [13].
• The deduced amino acid sequence of ArLMS shows high homology with the known d- and l-limonene synthases from Labiatae plants [14].

Anatomical context of Lamiaceae

• Rosmarinic acid in Labiatae herbs might be a promising agent to prevent mesangial cell proliferation [15].
• From the polar portion of the methanol extract of thyme (leaf of Thymus vulgaris; Labiatae), which has been used as an important stomachic, carminative, a component of prepared cough tea, and a spice, seven monoterpenoid glycosides were isolated together with two known monoterpenoids and three known monoterpenoid glucosides [16].
• Differential inhibition of Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae) on HCG-promoted proliferation of cultured uterine leiomyomal and myometrial smooth muscle cells [17].
• Crude extracts of dried leaves of Hyssop officinalis showed strong anti-HIV activity as measured by inhibition of syncytia formation, HIV reverse transcriptase (RT), and p17 and p24 antigen expression, but were non-toxic to the uninfected Molt-3 cells [18].

Associations of Lamiaceae with chemical compounds

• Hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) is an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid in Lamiaceae reducing hydroxyphenylpyruvates in dependence of NAD(P)H to the corresponding hydroxyphenyllactates [19].
• Isolation and characterization of 9-hydroxy-10-trans,12-cis-octadecadienoic acid, a novel regulator of platelet adenylate cyclase from Glechoma hederacea L. Labiatae [20].
• A survey of the literature shows essential oils of 11 plants to be powerful convulsants (eucalyptus, fennel, hyssop, pennyroyal, rosemary, sage, savin, tansy, thuja, turpentine, and wormwood) due to their content of highly reactive monoterpene ketones, such as camphor, pinocamphone, thujone, cineole, pulegone, sabinylacetate, and fenchone [21].
• A compound, which exhibited long wavelength UV-mediated antiviral activity, was isolated from leaves and twigs of Elsholtzia ciliata (Lamiaceae) using bioassay-guided fractionation and identified as the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, fluoranthene [22].
• The activity-guided fractionation of the extract of the herb of Prunella vulgaris (Labiatae) led to the isolation of four triterpenes, i.e., betulinic acid, ursolic acid, 2 alpha,3 alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, and 2 alpha-hydroxyursolic acid [23].

Gene context of Lamiaceae

• Aqueous extract of Huangqin, the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae), showed significant binding to PDZ2 of PSD-95 [24].
• Inhibition of lens aldose reductase by Labiatae flavonoids [25].
• Characterization of the volatile composition of essential oils of some lamiaceae spices and the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the entire oils [26].
• (O. campechianum Mill.) Labiatae essential oil was analyzed by GC and GC-MS: 31 compounds were identified [27].
• Four new irregular monoterpenoids were identified in the essential oil of Lavandula luisieri (Rozeira) Riv. Mart., a Labiatae endemic to the Iberian Peninsula [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Lamiaceae

• The reversed-phase preparative HPLC analysis of the methanol extract of the rhizomes of Eremostachys glabra (Lamiaceae) led to the isolation of two furanolabdane diterpene glycosides, phlomisoside II, and beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester of phlomisoic acid (named eremostachiin), the latter being a novel natural product [29].
• Molecular cloning, functional expression and characterization of d-limonene synthase from Schizonepeta tenuifolia [30].
• Using bioassay guided isolation, three novel 12 carbon polyoxygenated fatty acids and a novel abietane diterpene have been isolated from the chloroform extract of aerial parts of Aeollanthus buchnerianus (Lamiaceae) [31].
• Horminone is a diterpenoid quinone (7,12-dihydroxyabiet-8,12-diene-11,14-dione) present in several species of the Labiatae family and used as medicinal plants in folk medicine [32].
• (Labiatae) was found to possess significant antiulcer activity against aspirin-, indomethacin-, alcohol-, histamine-, reserpine-, serotonin- and stress-induced ulceration in experimental animal models [33].

References