Disease relevance of Tiratricol

• Because 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid (Triac, Tiratricol) can bind to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors with high affinity, we compared the effects of Triac and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) on bone resorption [1].
• Comparative efficacy and side effects of the treatment of euthyroid goiter with levo-thyroxine or triiodothyroacetic acid [2].
• Because triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) decreases TSH levels, the following study was perfomed: 36 euthyroid goitrous female patients (no cancer or chronic thyroiditis) were randomized to TRIAC (19.6 micro g/kg) (n = 19) or L-T4 (1.7 microg/kg) (n = 17) treatment during 11 months [2].
• Such was the case with this patient who presented with signs, symptoms, and biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism that promptly resolved after discontinuation of tiratricol therapy [3].
• To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of documented thyrotoxicosis secondary to tiratricol use [3].

Psychiatry related information on Tiratricol

• Triiodothyroacetic acid-induced reversal of learned helplessness in rats [4].

High impact information on Tiratricol

• Triac (diethanolamine salt of triiodothyroacetic acid) was administered by intramuscular injection to 12 pregnant female rats [5].
• Serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels increased 55 +/- 13% with tiratricol compared with a 1.7 +/- 4% decline with L-T4 (P = 0.0006), indicating an augmented hepatic response to tiratricol [6].
• Ten athyreotic patients, treated for thyroid carcinoma, were randomly assigned to receive L-T4 sodium 0.7 micrograms/kg daily and either tiratricol 10 micrograms/kg or placebo twice daily [7].
• Tiratricol has increased hepatic and skeletal actions of potential therapeutic value, but does not have enhanced thyromimetic activity specific to the pituitary gland [7].
• Potent thermogenic action of triiodothyroacetic acid in brown adipocytes [8].

Biological context of Tiratricol

• The nuclear binding sites are not highly specific for L-T3 since they are able to bind D-T3 with almost equal affinity and triiodothyroacetic acid with a higher affinity [9].
• The order of analog binding affinity at 14 days was triiodothyroacetic acid = T3 greater than T4 greater than rT3, suggesting that at 14 days of fetal age the receptor has the same binding specificity as the receptor from mature tissues [10].

Anatomical context of Tiratricol

• Hepatic effects were enhanced by tiratricol administration, with significant increases in sex hormone binding globulin and ferritin concentrations, 14% and 37%, respectively [7].
• Production of cardiac muscle abnormalities in offspring of rats receiving triiodothyroacetic acid (triac) and the effect of beta adrenergic blockade [11].
• Anabolic effects of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and triiodothyroacetic acid in cultured neonatal mouse parietal bones [12].
• Metabolism of triiodothyroacetic acid (TA3) in rat liver. II. Deiodination and conjugation of TA3 by rat hepatocytes and in rats in vivo [13].
• Metabolism of triiodothyroacetic acid (TA3) in rat liver. I. Deiodination of TA3 and TA3 sulfate by microsomes [14].

Associations of Tiratricol with other chemical compounds

• Triiodothyronine (T3) and triiodothyroacetic acid (TA3) are thyroid compounds that similarly protect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) against oxidation induced by the free radical generator 2,2'-azobis-[2-amidinopropane] dihydrochloride (AAPH) [15].
• It is assumed that in vitro, and at similar concentrations, the inhibitory effect of triiodothyroacetic acid on the TRH-induced TSH secretion is comparable to that of T3, whereas iopanoic acid may have no direct detectable effect [16].

Gene context of Tiratricol

• Apolipoprotein-E (apoE) has been shown by noncovalent binding and photoaffinity labeling with [125I]T4 to possess a single L-T4 binding site with a K5 of about 3 x 10(7) M-1 and a relative affinity for analogs of L-T4 = D-T4 = rT3 = triiodothyroacetic acid > L-T3 [17].
• Particular emphasis is given to the clinical and hormonal outcome after 2 years of triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) treatment in an affected child with peripheral thyrotoxic features (pituitary RTH [PRTH]) [18].
• We have compared the glucuronidation of TA3, 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic (TA4), T3, and T4 by human and rat liver microsomes [19].
• We investigated the effect of triiodothyroacetic acid (Triac), a metabolite of T3, which seems to be more thermogenic than T3, on leptin secretion and mRNA expression [20].
• Triiodothyroacetic acid has been used in patients showing hypermetabolism, and L-T4 treatment in high doses has been suggested in GRTH if patients have signs of clinical hypothyroidism such as growth retardation and developmental delay [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tiratricol

• We previously reported that both T3 and triiodothyroacetic acid (Triac) stimulate bone resorption in organ culture, with Triac somewhat more potent than T3 [12].

References