Disease relevance of Parietal Bone

• Simultaneous assessment of bone resorption and formation in cultures of 22-day fetal rat parietal bones: effects of parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin E2 [1].
• The results showed a significantly more occipital localization of the frontal bone center and a more frontal localization of the parietal bone center at the side of a synostotic coronal suture in the isolated form as well as in Apert syndrome [2].
• Observations on CT scans and during surgery led to the conclusion that the hemorrhages were caused by the moulding which forced the frontal bone to slip under the parietal bone at the coronal suture and then press on the fragile cerebral vasculature of the neonates, thus causing contusion [3].
• Cleidocranial dysplasia with severe parietal bone dysplasia: C-terminal RUNX2 mutations [4].

High impact information on Parietal Bone

• Adolescent and adult OPG-/- mice exhibit a decrease in total bone density characterized by severe trabecular and cortical bone porosity, marked thinning of the parietal bones of the skull, and a high incidence of fractures [5].
• To determine if activin shares these properties, recombinant human activin-A (A-chain homodimer) was examined in osteoblast-enriched cultures obtained from fetal-rat parietal bone [6].
• Immunohistochemical analysis revealed abundant accumulation of OPN protein in the matrix of newly formed bone on the inner edge of the parietal bone within the mechanically expanded sutures [7].
• In the organ culture studies, 20-day-old fetal rat parietal bones were incubated for 96 h with CD or control serum, serum preincubated with a neutralizing antibody to each cytokine or a nonimmune immunoglobulin control, and with IL-6 [8].
• Runx2 expression was localized to the critical area of cranial suture closure, being found in parietal bones, osteogenic fronts, and sutural mesenchyme [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Parietal Bone

• Effects of cadmium on bone resorption were investigated using neonatal mouse parietal bone culture system [10].

Biological context of Parietal Bone

• Cortisol modulates the actions of interleukin-1 alpha on bone formation, resorption, and prostaglandin production in cultured mouse parietal bones [11].
• To identify genes associated with osteoblast differentiation, we isolated total RNAs from parietal bones, that represent active osteoblasts, and sutural mesenchyme, that represents osteoprogenitor cells, and comprehensively analyzed their gene expression profiles using an oligo-based Affymetrix microarray chip containing 22,690 probes [12].
• Bone development was induced by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) adsorbed to hydroxyapatite (HAP) under the periosteum of rat parietal bone [13].
• At 75% gestation, seven fetal piglets were randomly selected to undergo periosteal stripping of frontal and parietal bone segments with and without extensive coronal suture fusion procedures with cyanoacrylate adhesive [14].

Anatomical context of Parietal Bone

• Ossification of frontal and parietal bones proceeded in a fashion comparable to development in vivo, but the cranial (coronal) sutures--primary sites for subsequent skull growth--were obliterated by osseous tissue union in the absence of dura mater [15].
• Osteoclasts are not the major source of interleukin-6 in mouse parietal bones [16].
• The distribution profiles of fluoride from periosteal to endosteal surfaces, which were apparently related to the histological structure of these bones, were U shaped in the humerus, V shaped in the parietal bone, and W shaped in the vertebra arch [17].
• Subperiosteal implantation of octacalcium phosphate (OCP) stimulates both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in the tibia, but only osteogenesis in the parietal bone of a rat [18].
• PURPOSE: The purpose of this work was to study the bone tissue reaction after porous polyethylene (Polipore) implantation into surgical defects in the parietal bones of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, treated with salmon calcitonin [19].

Associations of Parietal Bone with chemical compounds

• Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on prostaglandin E2 production in cultured mouse parietal bones [20].
• Interleukin-4 inhibits prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 induction in neonatal mouse parietal bone cultures [21].
• Deflazacort and cortisol were studied for their effects on DNA and collagen synthesis in cultures of intact fetal rat calvariae and of osteoblast-enriched (Ob) cells from 21- to 22-day-old fetal rat parietal bone [22].
• Anabolic effects of 3,3',5-triiodothyronine and triiodothyroacetic acid in cultured neonatal mouse parietal bones [23].
• The effects of ascorbic acid on collagen synthesis, mineralization, and integrins were investigated in a mineralizing organ culture system derived from 20-day fetal rat parietal bones [24].

Gene context of Parietal Bone

• Overexpression of Msx2 under the control of this promoter is sufficient to enhance parietal bone growth into the sagittal suture by P6 [25].
• Osteoprotegerin is produced when prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited causing osteoclasts to detach from the surface of mouse parietal bone and attach to the endocranial membrane [26].
• Both PTH and PTHrP increased 45Ca release at low concentrations and prostaglandin production at high concentrations in mouse parietal bones [27].
• TGF beta 2 had effects similar to those of TGF beta 1 on the parietal bones in vivo [28].
• IGF-I and -II were studied for their effects on collagen synthesis and degradation in cultures of intact fetal rat calvariae and on type I collagen transcript levels in osteoblast-enriched (Ob) cells from fetal rat parietal bone [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Parietal Bone

• In situ hybridization with a 32P-labeled beta 1 integrin cDNA probe was performed on parietal bone, treated with or without 100-nanomolar corticosterone for ninety-six hours, to localize and assess the levels of beta 1 integrin mRNA quantitatively [30].
• The bone mineral density measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and the thickness of IGF-II-injected parietal bones increased in a dose-dependent manner [31].
• We studied the effect of bone substitutes on revascularization and the restart of blood supply after sintered bone implantation in comparison with synthetic hydroxyapatite implantation and fresh autogenous bone transplantation (control) in rat parietal bones [32].
• Bilateral symmetric photon defects in the parietal bones on Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy: bilateral parietal thinning [33].
• Four water extracts of Kampo formulae (Yi-kkan-sen, Dai-ho-in-gan, Ni-chi-gan, Tsu-kan-gan) were screened for their inhibitory activities on bone resorption induced by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in organ culture using neonatal mouse parietal bones [34].

References