Disease relevance of Systhane

• Toxicity profiles in rats treated with tumorigenic and nontumorigenic triazole conazole fungicides: propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil [1].
• In chronic bioassays in rats, triadimefon was hepatotoxic and induced follicular cell adenomas in the thyroid gland, whereas, propiconazole and myclobutanil were hepatotoxic but had no effect on the thyroid gland [2].
• In conclusion, while triadimefon, propiconazole, and myclobutanil had similar effects in mouse liver on hepatomegaly, histology, CYP activities, cell proliferation, and serum cholesterol, genomic analyses revealed major differences in their gene expression profiles [3].

High impact information on Systhane

• Absolute testis weights were increased at PND1 by myclobutanil, at PND22 by myclobutanil and triadimefon, and at PND50 by propiconazole and triadimefon treatment [4].
• Wistar Han rats were fed myclobutanil (M: 100, 500, or 2000 ppm), propiconazole (P: 100, 500, or 2500 ppm), or triadimefon (T: 100, 500, or 1800 ppm) from gestation day 6 to postnatal day (PND) 120 [4].
• Insemination and fertility were impaired by myclobutanil and triadimefon treatment [4].
• Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed for 14 days by gavage with fluconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, or triadimefon [5].
• Myclobutanil exposure increased serum testosterone and decreased sperm motility, but no treatment-related testis histopathology was observed [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of Systhane

• Toxicity profiles in mice treated with hepatotumorigenic and non-hepatotumorigenic triazole conazole fungicides: propiconazole, triadimefon, and myclobutanil [6].

Biological context of Systhane

• Bioavailability of butachlor and myclobutanil residues in soil to earthworms [7].
• Pathway level analysis of altered gene expression resulted in a more complete description of the associated toxicological effects that can distinguish triadimefon from propiconazole and myclobutanil [2].
• High-dose exposures to propiconazole and myclobutanil, but not triadimefon, were associated with early (4 days) increases in cell proliferation [6].
• Chiral analysis suggested no significant selectivity in biotransformation for most of the compounds based on statistically unaltered enantiomer fractions (EFs) in the fish compared to food values; exceptions were a change in EF of myclobutanil and changes in diastereomer fractions (DFs) of propiconazole and cyproconazole [8].

Associations of Systhane with other chemical compounds

• A solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed for the determination of triazole residues, such as triadimefon, propiconazole, myclobutanil and penconazole [9].
• A study was conducted to determine the adsorption/desorption of butachlor, myclobutanil and chlorpyrifos on five soils using a batch equilibration technique and to study the relationship between bioavailability to Allolobophora caliginosa and the adsorption/desorption of these three pesticides [10].
• Only the active ingredients tolylfluanid and myclobutanil resulted in lower densities of predatory mites (10-20 phytoseiids per 100 leaves) [11].

Gene context of Systhane

• Many of these CYP, XME and transporter genes are regulated by xeno-sensing nuclear receptors, and hierarchical clustering of CAR/PXR-regulated genes demonstrated the similarities of toxicogenomic responses in liver between all four triazoles and in testis between myclobutanil and triadimefon [5].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Systhane

• In a companion study employing conventional toxicological bioassays (Allen et al., 2006), male CD-1 mice were fed triadimefon, propiconazole, or myclobutanil in a continuous oral-dose regimen for 4, 30, or 90 days [3].

References