Disease relevance of Sperm Motility

• Sulphasalazine treatment for inflammatory bowel disease in man causes oligospermia, reduced sperm motility and an increased proportion of abnormal forms [1].
• Induction of reversible infertility in male rats by oral ornidazole and its effects on sperm motility and epididymal secretions [2].
• This study showed that pentoxifylline could be used as a stimulant of in vitro sperm motility in male infertility [3].
• Decreased births were associated with tubal adhesions alone (P less than 0.03) or with endometriosis (P less than 0.002), more than four cycles of treatment (P = 0.01), initial sperm count less than 5 x 10(6) per mL (P less than 0.01), initial sperm motility less than 30% (P less than 0.002), and age greater than or equal to 35 (P less than 0.01) [4].
• The contribution of the toxicity of a glycerol-egg yolk-citrate cryopreservative to the decline in human sperm motility during cryopreservation [5].

High impact information on Sperm Motility

• For the 95 kd protein, the level of immunoreactivity is not related to sperm motility but is enhanced by both capacitation and sperm interaction with solubilized ZP proteins [6].
• Creatine kinase inactivation led to an inhibition of coupled, but not uncoupled, respiration and affected the pattern of sperm motility as predicted for the disruption of an obligatory link in P transport [7].
• On all measures of secondary-sex-organ and testicular function, heroin addicts appeared to fall between the methadone and control subjects, but, with the exception of sperm motility, the deviation from control values did not reach statisitcal significance [8].
• Smok kinases are components of a signal cascade which may control sperm motility [9].
• In vivo antisense experiments show that suppressed expression of Bin1b results in reduced binding of Bin1b to caput sperm and in considerable attenuation of sperm motility and progressive movement [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Sperm Motility

• At a dose of 5 mg STS 557 per day, male sterility was associated with reduction of sperm motility and semen fructose content [11].
• 3. Decreased sperm motility, reduced epididymal sperm count along with increased morphological abnormalities in head, neck and tail regions of spermatozoa were observed in rats exposed to 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 mg carbofuran kg-1 body weight [12].
• The mechanisms of action appear to be: (1) acrylamide/glycidamide binding to spermatid protamines, causing dominant lethality and effects on sperm morphology; and (2) acrylamide binding to motor proteins, causing distal axonopathy, including hindlimb weakness/paresis, and effects on mounting, sperm motility, and intromission [13].
• In rats, exposure to 80 ppm chloroprene or higher concentrations caused degeneration and metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium and exposure to 200 ppm caused anemia, hepatocellular necrosis and reduced sperm motility [14].
• The fructose/zinc ratio appears to be negatively related to sperm motility (r = .31, P = .01); this suggests that in varicocele the impaired sex accessory gland secretions could themselves influence the motility of ejaculated spermatozoa [15].

Biological context of Sperm Motility

• In tumor tissue, we demonstrated (a) elevated concentrations of total serum estradiol and serum estradiol not bound to sex hormone-binding globulin, (b) impaired spermatogenesis and sperm motility, and (c) blocking of multiple enzymes necessary for steroidogenesis [16].
• erythro-9-[3-(2-Hydroxynonyl)]adenine (EHNA) has been reported previously to be an agent that arrests sperm motility by inhibiting the axonemal dynein ATPase activity and has been used to probe the involvement of putative cytoplasmic dyneins in mitosis and intracellular organelle transport [17].
• These studies suggest several roles for hAKAP82 in sperm motility, including the regulation of signal transduction pathways [18].
• Isolation and properties of Gas8, a growth arrest-specific gene regulated during male gametogenesis to produce a protein associated with the sperm motility apparatus [19].
• Increased phosphorylation of AKAP by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhances human sperm motility through tail recruitment of protein kinase A [20].

Anatomical context of Sperm Motility

• In addition, Bin1b-expressing cells, either of epididymal origin or from a Bin1b-transfected cell line, can induce progressive sperm motility in immotile immature sperm [10].
• When sperm are diluted into media that contain chelators, both NH4Cl and monensin (a Na+/H+ ionophore) increase the sperm pHi and reverse the chelator inhibition of sperm motility and acrosome reactions [21].
• CATSPER1 is a voltage-gated calcium channel found exclusively in the plasma membrane of the mammalian sperm tail and it is essential for sperm motility [22].
• The effects of sodium bicarbonate both on adenylate cyclase activity in porcine spermatozoa and on sperm motility have been studied [23].
• Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase 4 is required for sperm motility and male fertility [24].

Associations of Sperm Motility with chemical compounds

• Calcium ions have an apparently paradoxical effect on sperm motility [25].
• Valinomycin (1 nM) did not stimulate the AR when added together with K+ (3-24 mM) to sperm incubated in 0.9 mM K+ for 3.5 h but markedly decreased sperm motility [26].
• The results suggest that a serine protease with lys and arg ester bond specificity is involved in the control of sperm motility [27].
• Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to affect sperm motility and acrosomal function, thereby altering fertility [28].
• Ca(2+) channel blockers such as verapamil and omega-conotoxin reversibly inhibited the initiation of sperm motility, suggesting that Ca(2+) influx is the prerequisite for the initiation of carp sperm motility [29].

Gene context of Sperm Motility

• Sperm motility was reduced severely, and approximately 60% of Tnp1-null males were infertile [30].
• Gapds(-/-) males were infertile and had profound defects in sperm motility, exhibiting sluggish movement without forward progression [31].
• PDE5 inhibitors such as Viagra block the activity of suPDE5 and increase sperm motility [32].
• We showed that angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors are present in mammalian sperm, and angiotensin II stimulates sperm motility and capacitation [33].
• The major proteins associated with the mitochondrial capsule, SMCP and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, provide outstanding examples of changes in cellular function driven by selective pressures on sperm motility, an important determinant of male reproductive success [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Sperm Motility

• Although the sperm count of methadone clients was more than twice the control levels, reflecting a lack of sperm dilution by secondary-sex-organ secretions, the sperm motility of these subjects was markedly lower than normal [8].
• During cooling and after cryopreservation (n = 4 ejaculates), SL but not HPM significantly improved sperm motility and viability (Sybr14/propidium iodide staining) +/- 20% egg yolk, but egg yolk alone was more effective than SL alone [35].
• The sperm motility, straight velocity, and curvilinear velocity were significantly decreased after active immunization to estradiol-17beta [36].
• A concentration of 0.005% formaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) achieved complete immobilization of ram spermatozoa while also yielding good recovery of sperm motility after removal by washing [37].
• After 2 h incubation, the number of sperm bound to the four ZP was examined, sperm motility and velocities were assessed by Hamilton-Thorn Motility Analyzer (IVOS 10) and sperm tyrosine phosphorylation was assessed by both western immunoblotting and immunofluorescence with an anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal antibody (PY20) [38].

References