Disease relevance of Simmondsin

• Simmondsin for weight loss in rats [1].
• RESULTS: Simmondsin produced a clear dose-response effect on food intake and body weight [1].
• The degree of emaciation was the same in simmondsin treated rats (SM) and pair-fed controls (PF) [2].
• In moderately food intake-restricted rats, both cholecystokinin and simmondsin induced pancreatic hypertrophy, increased brown adipose weight and metabolism and caused a slight decrease in growth [3].
• Simmondsin was modified with acarviosine-glucose using the transglycosylation activity of Thermus maltogenic amylase to synthesize a novel compound with both antiobesity and hypoglycemic activity [4].

Psychiatry related information on Simmondsin

• Simmondsin: effects on meal patterns and choice behavior in rats [5].
• In this study, we investigated the analogies between the physiological effects of simmondsin, a satiety-inducing glycoside extracted from jojoba seeds, and the gastro-intestinal satiation peptide, cholecystokinin [3].

High impact information on Simmondsin

• CONCLUSION: Simmondsin at both the 0.15% level and the 0.25% level significantly reduced food intake and body weight without apparent negative effects [1].
• Significant effects on hematology parameters were seen almost exclusively in groups consuming simmondsin at the highest level (0.5%) and these effects appeared to be reversed by removing simmondsin from the diet [1].
• However, a direct effect of simmondsin on CCKA receptors has been excluded, since simmondsin was unable to cause contraction of the guinea-pig gallbladder in vitro [6].
• To investigate the mechanism by which simmondsin reduces food intake, fasted and free-feeding rats were given simmondsin-supplemented food and simultaneously injected with devazepide, a specific antagonist of peripheral-type cholecystokinin receptors (CCKA receptors) [6].
• The half-life of simmondsin was approximately 60 min with d-glucose and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile as reaction end products [7].

Biological context of Simmondsin

• It is suggested that peripheral CCKA receptors are involved in the effect of simmondsin on food intake [6].
• Reproductive performance of rats treated with defatted jojoba meal or simmondsin before or during gestation [8].
• Simmondsin treatment, but not pair feeding, caused a decrease in the diurnal variation of heat production [9].

Anatomical context of Simmondsin

• The vagus nerve is involved in the anorexigenic effect of simmondsin in the rat [10].
• Comparison of the effects of simmondsin and cholecystokinin on metabolism, brown adipose tissue and the pancreas in food-restricted rats [3].

Associations of Simmondsin with other chemical compounds

• It is concluded that the food intake-reducing effect of simmondsin is more pronounced in obese Zucker rats than in their lean littermates, and except for the simmondsin-specific effects on leptin and total cholesterol values in obese littermates, the effects of simmondsin are related to food intake restriction in obese and lean Zucker rats [9].

Gene context of Simmondsin

• These results support the hypothesis that endogenous cholecystokinin is involved in the effects of simmondsin in rats [3].
• Blood leptin levels in both obese and lean rats decreased with decreased food intake and decreased fat deposition, but in obese rats, simmondsin treatment resulted in an additional decrease in leptin levels [9].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Simmondsin

• Simmondsin, a glycoside extracted from jojoba meal (Simmondsia chinensis), causes a reduction in food intake after oral administration [6].
• We investigated the mechanism of action simmondsin, by studying the effects of fasting or of vagotomy on the food intake reduction [10].
• The same preparative HPLC method on silica gel allowed a new simmondsin derivative to be isolated and identified as 4,5-didemethyl-4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylsimmondsin mainly by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry [11].

References