Disease relevance of MK 208

• Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (FMEN1) is an autosomal dominant trait characterized by tumors of the parathyroids, gastro-intestinal endocrine tissue, anterior pituitary and other tissues [1].
• Toxic side effects, i.e., damage to the gastro-intestinal tract and hemorrhages in the lungs, were more pronounced with full dose either in the single or the split daily dose regimen [2].
• Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) is a relatively rare but life-threatening cause of upper gastro-intestinal bleeding [3].
• RESULTS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: A high incidence of lymphoma primarily in the gastro-intestinal tract in Third World countries has stimulated enormous epidemiologic and pathogenetic interests globally [4].
• The efficacy and safety of prazosin GITS (gastro-intestinal therapeutic system), a new extended-release once-a-day formulation, were assessed both as monotherapy in mild essential hypertension and in combination with a diuretic in moderate essential hypertension in two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials [5].

Psychiatry related information on MK 208

• We compared the outcomes of PO and IV DEX administration because of individual differences in gastro-intestinal absorption of DEX and the issue of noncompliance in patients undergoing the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) [6].
• Fluvoxamine provided a good clinical efficacy for six of these patients, whereas the other ten had to discontinue the drug because of the presence of severe adverse effects such as acute total insomnia, gastro-intestinal disturbances together with anorexia, aggressive and impulsive behavior and excessive sedation [7].
• Dietary habits and gastro-intestinal cancers: a comparative case-control study of stomach and large intestinal cancers in Nagoya, Japan [8].
• Physical activity potentially encourages a healthy lifestyle, and it could have more direct effects on certain forms of carcinogenesis (for instance, by a speeding of gastro-intestinal transit, or a moderation of sex hormone levels) [9].
• Geophagia was postulated to occur in animals who experience a generalized stress reponse since this state may involve gastro-intestinal malaise [10].

High impact information on MK 208

• Recently two such peptides have been characterized as the 28-amino acid SRIF-28 (from porcine gastro-intestinal tract and porcine and ovine hypothalamus and the 25-amino acid SRIF-25 (from ovine hypothalamus), each of which consists of an N-terminal extension of SRIF-14 [11].
• These observations provide the first direct evidence for the passage of mineral fibers through the human gastro-intestinal mucosa under normal conditions of the alimentary canal [12].
• Dramatic numerical increases in DC were detected in the bone marrow, gastro-intestinal lymphoid tissue (GALT), liver, lymph nodes, lung, peripheral blood, peritoneal cavity, spleen, and thymus [13].
• Therefore, the developmental control of microvillus membrane receptors, signal transduction mechanisms, and ion transport systems in the gastro-intestinal tract may in part contribute to the altered host sensitivity in toxigenic diarrhea of infancy [14].
• Frameshift mutations in Fas, Apaf-1, and Bcl-10 in gastro-intestinal cancer of the microsatellite mutator phenotype [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of MK 208

• Additionally, the low toxicity of melatonin supports further investigation of this molecule as a promising gastro-protective agent [16].
• The aim of this work was to study the capacity of Helicobacter infection to inhibit the development of oral tolerance or to promote allergic sensitization and the capacity of a gastro-protective agent, rebamipide, to interfere with these processes in mice [17].
• Tranexamic acid (AMCA) is an inhibitor of fibrinolysis used to treat fibrinolytic bleeding (e.g., menorrhagia and gastro-intestinal haemorrhage), and to prevent bleeding at surgery, in cases of abruptio placentae and general haemorrhage [18].
• Chemotherapy consisted of cisplatin (CDDP) plus etoposide or gemcitabine alone for lung cancer, doxorubicin alone, mitoxantrone alone or paclitaxel alone for breast cancer, 5-FU plus folinic acid for gastro-intestinal tumours and 5-FU plus CDDP for head and neck cancers [19].
• The nitric oxide (NO)-donating nitroxybutyl ester of flurbiprofen (NO-flurbiprofen), shows reduced gastro-intestinal toxicity relative to flurbiprofen [20].

Biological context of MK 208

• The results of this study show interspecies and organ differences between calmodulin binding proteins, but suggest that a 67 kDa protein is the major binding protein present throughout normal gastro-intestinal tract and neoplastic human tissue [21].
• AIMS: The aim was to investigate the effects of biliary obstruction and isolated external biliary diversion on gastro-intestinal structure and caecal bacterial flora in relation to bacterial translocation [22].
• The DCC tumor suppressor gene has been shown to be frequently deleted or its expression reduced or absent in colorectal, gastro-intestinal, pancreatic, prostatic, and breast carcinomas, and glioblastomas [23].
• The aim of this study was to investigate gastro-intestinal protein loss in adults with congenital heart disease, both with and without Fontan surgery, and to correlate findings with systemic venous pressure [24].
• The human pathogen Vibrio cholerae employs such an assembly, called the Eps system, for the export of its major virulence factor, cholera toxin, from its periplasm into the lumen of the gastro-intestinal tract of the host [25].

Anatomical context of MK 208

• AIMS/SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study examined the distribution of the EGF-R in the epithelium throughout the human gastro-intestinal tract using immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and western blotting of brush border preparations [26].
• HER-2/neu protein was identified on cell membranes of epithelial cells in the gastro-intestinal, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tract as well as in the skin, breast and placenta [27].
• In adult mouse tissues RON transcripts were observed in brain, adrenal glands, gastro-intestinal tract, testis and kidney [28].
• This polypeptide has been located either in peripheral tissues such as the gastro-intestinal tract and the pancreas as well as in the central nervous system [29].
• The neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocyte output on the second is seven times greater in the peritoneal exudate than in the effluent lymph from the gastro-intestinal tract [30].

Associations of MK 208 with other chemical compounds

• Published data have indicated that metoclopramide assists radiological identification of lesions in the small intestine, facilitates duodenal intubation and small intestine biopsy, and eases emergency endoscopy in upper gastro-intestinal haemorrhage [31].
• The inducible COX-2 enzyme is responsible for some aspects of pain and inflammation in arthritis while the constitutive COX-1 enzyme appears responsible for most of the gastro-protective prostaglandin synthesis in the stomach and duodenum [32].
• In most instances, increasing the rate of gastric emptying and gastro-intestinal motility increases the rate of absorption of a drug but, for digoxin and riboflavin, increased gastrointestinal motility is associated with a decrease in the rate of absorption [33].
• We conclude that intravenous famotidine can maintain intragastric pH greater than 6 in fasting patients with acute upper gastro-intestinal bleeding from peptic ulceration [34].
• Outcome of patients with advanced gastro-intestinal stromal tumours crossing over to a daily imatinib dose of 800 mg after progression on 400 mg [35].

Gene context of MK 208

• Gastro-intestinal tumorigenesis in Smad4 mutant mice [36].
• Our aims were to compare EGF/TGF-alpha interactions in 2 human gastro-intestinal cell lines: MGLVA1, with a strong gastrin autocrine pathway, and C170HM2, with a weak pathway [37].
• Expression of beta 1-integrins, H-CAM (CD44) and LECAM-1 in primary gastro-intestinal B-cell lymphomas as compared to the adhesion receptor profile of the gut-associated lymphoid system, tonsil and peripheral lymph node [38].
• Effects of inhibition of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase-2 in chronic gastro-intestinal ulcer models in rats [39].
• We carried out a search for mutations in SMARCB1 in 60 human gastro-intestinal tract carcinoma cases, 122 breast cancer cases, and 36 human cancer cell lines [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of MK 208

• Thus, chronic pancreatitis should be considered as a cause of recurrent upper gastro-intestinal bleeding, especially when gastroscopy is normal [41].
• Gastro-cutaneous fistula following splenectomy, a rare but serious occurrence, may result in death or prolonged disability [42].
• Patients (n = 101) were recruited from randomly selected upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy lists [43].
• The results of single-agent chemotherapy, with 11 anticancer agents, of 15 human gastro-intestinal and breast cancer lines xenografted into nude mice indicate inherent individuality of chemosensitivity spectrum of each tumor [44].
• Gastrectomy induces impaired insulin and glucagon secretion: evidence for a gastro-insular axis in mice [45].

References