Disease relevance of 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE

• 3,3'-Difluorobenzidine (F2Bz), and 3,3'-dibromobenzidine (Br2Bz) were synthesized and compared with 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (Cl2Bz) for ability to revert Salmonella typhimurium [1].

High impact information on 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE

• Activation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in rat liver microsomes to mutagens: involvement of cytochrome P-450d [2].
• Loss of the lipid-bound 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine residues from either total liver or endoplasmic reticulum occurred in at least two phases--an initial fast phase and a terminal slow phase [3].
• Stimulation of the conjugation of lipid dienes in hepatic microsomes by 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine [4].
• Benzidine (BZ) and its six structural analogues (2-aminobiphenyl [2-ABP], 4-aminobiphenyl [4-ABP], 3,3'-diaminobenzidine [DABZ], 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine [DCBZ] 3,3'-dimethoxybenzidine [DEBZ], and 3,3'-dimthylbenzidine [DMBZ]) were examined for DNA damage in human lymphocytes using the alkaline comet assay [5].
• 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) can be metabolically N-acetylated and/or N-oxidized, and can form hemoglobin adducts [6].

Biological context of 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE

• Only 4-aminobiphenyl produced both frameshift and base pair substitution mutations and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine was the only compound which was mutagenic without the mammalian enzyme factor [7].
• In addition, acetylation polymorphism was studied with 4-chloroaniline and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in slow acetylating A/J and rapid acetylating C57BL/6J mice [8].
• The kinetics of total DNA adducts were compared in the liver, bladder epithelium and small intestinal epithelium of rats and mice following a single oral dose (100 mg/kg) of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine [( 14C]DCB) [9].
• Effect of acute 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine administration on rat hepatic enzymic and nonenzymic microsomal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status [10].

Anatomical context of 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE

• Light-induced mutagenicity in Salmonella TA102 and genotoxicity/cytotoxicity in human T-cells by 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine: a chemical used in the manufacture of dyes and pigments and in tattoo inks [11].
• Benzidine and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) induce micronuclei in the bone marrow and the fetal liver of mice after gavage [12].

Associations of 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE with other chemical compounds

• 2. The horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine yielded two transient and one stable spectral species with absorption maxima at 630 nm, 370 nm and 410 nm, respectively, whereas that of benzidine yielded three stable spectral species with absorption maxima at 610 nm, 425 nm and 370 nm, respectively [13].
• 4. H.p.l.c. mass spectrometric analysis, and comparative studies with potassium dichromate oxidation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, indicated that the major product from the horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine is azo-3,3'-dichlorobenzidine [13].
• DCB, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, is used primarily as an intermediate in the manufacture of diarylide yellow or azo red pigments for printing ink, textile, paint, and plastics [11].

Gene context of 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE

• Determination of hemoglobin adducts formed in rats exposed orally with 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine by GC/MS-SIM [6].
• Hydroperoxidase I catalyzes peroxidative activation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine to a mutagen in Salmonella typhimurium [14].
• The nebulizer output and size distributions of aerosols of 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA), benzidine, and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine are given [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of 3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDINE

• Development and evaluation of a microtiter plate enzyme immunoassay for antibodies to 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine [16].
• A method based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-negative ion chemical ionization detection (GC/MS-NCI) was developed for the determination of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (DCB)-hemoglobin adducts [17].
• Trace-level determination of benzidine and 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in aqueous environmental samples by online solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection [18].

References