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Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
Chemical Compound Review

Acryptan     2-(trichloromethylsulfanyl) isoindole-1,3...

Synonyms: Phaltane, Spolacid, Thiophal, Vinicoli, Vinicoll, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of Thiophal

  • We suggest that the presence of duodenal obstructions is consistent with the notion that reflux of folpet, bile acids and pancreatic enzymes into the stomach may have acted to irritate and consequently stimulate local neoplastic proliferation [1].
  • Dietary administration of the fungicide folpet, N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide, to B6C3F1 mice at dose levels of 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 ppm induced a dose-related appearance of duodenal atypical hyperplasia, adenomas and adenocarcinomas [1].
  • Mutagenic evaluation of the pesticides captan, folpet, captafol, dichlofluanid and related compounds with the mutants TA102 and TA104 of Salmonella typhimurium [2].
  • Farmers were most frequently sensitive to Captofol, Folpet, and Captan which were associated with dermatitis on the volar aspects of the hands [3].
  • Allergic reactions to fungicides were found in 46: thiophthalimides (captan, folpet and difolatan) were the most common [4].
 

High impact information on Thiophal

 

Chemical compound and disease context of Thiophal

 

Biological context of Thiophal

  • IC10, IC50, and IC90 were determined for both compounds alone and were respectively, 0.03, 0.16, and 0.95 mg liter-1 for copper and 1.20, 7.50, and > 40 mg liter-1 for folpet [8].
  • Antagonism between Cu and folpet could not be explained by a reduced bioavailability of Cu since concentration of free copper in the mixture did not depend on the presence of folpet [8].
  • Effect of fungicide Folpet on growth and chromosomes of human lymphoid cell lines [9].
  • An ip LD50 value (68 mg/kg) for folpet, a widely used fungicide, was determined using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats [10].
 

Anatomical context of Thiophal

  • In addition, positive trends for thyroid, testicular, mammary gland, and lymph node tumors were observed with folpet in the same strains of rats [11].
  • Teratogenicity of the fungicides captan and folpet in the chick embryo [12].
  • One normal human lymphoid cell line was treated continuously with the fungicide Folpet (N-trichloromethylthio-phthalimide) at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 microgram/ml of media and one Burkitt cell line was pulse-treated with the same compound for 15 min at 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 microgram/ml [9].
  • In vitro incubation of folpet with rat liver microsomes with and without an NADPH-generating system showed that the fungicide may not require metabolism to exert inhibitory effect on the microsomal enzymes [10].
  • Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the fungicides captan and folpet in cultured mammalian cells CHO/HGPRT system) [13].
 

Gene context of Thiophal

  • We exposed third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg(9) to different concentrations of the test chemicals (Captan, Captafol and Folpet) for various time intervals (2-48 h) to evaluate expression of hsp70 by X-gal staining, ONPG assay and whole organ in situ immunohistochemistry [14].
  • Copper and folpet stimulated catalase activity and changes in the activity of the enzyme could not account for the synergy but possibly for the antagonism [8].
  • GC-ECD-based permeation and IR reflectance data indicated high chemical resistance of the Sol-Vex gloves to an aqueous emulsion of Folpet [15].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Thiophal

References

  1. Induction of gastrointestinal tumors in mice fed the fungicide folpet: possible mechanisms. Nyska, A., Waner, T., Paster, Z., Bracha, P., Gordon, E.B., Klein, B. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. (1990) [Pubmed]
  2. Mutagenic evaluation of the pesticides captan, folpet, captafol, dichlofluanid and related compounds with the mutants TA102 and TA104 of Salmonella typhimurium. Barrueco, C., de la Peña, E. Mutagenesis (1988) [Pubmed]
  3. Prevalence of dermatoses and skin sensitisation associated with use of pesticides in fruit farmers of southern Taiwan. Guo, Y.L., Wang, B.J., Lee, C.C., Wang, J.D. Occupational and environmental medicine. (1996) [Pubmed]
  4. Irritation and sensitization potential of pesticides. Lisi, P., Caraffini, S., Assalve, D. Contact Derm. (1987) [Pubmed]
  5. Cell-cycle deregulation in BALB/c 3T3 cells transformed by 1,2-dibromoethane and folpet pesticides. Santucci, M.A., Mercatali, L., Brusa, G., Pattacini, L., Barbieri, E., Perocco, P. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. (2003) [Pubmed]
  6. Transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells in vitro by the fungicides captan, captafol and folpet. Perocco, P., Colacci, A., Del Ciello, C., Grilli, S. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. (1995) [Pubmed]
  7. Distribution of folpet on the grape surface after treatment. Cabras, P., Angioni, A., Caboni, P., Garau, V.L., Melis, M., Pirisi, F.M., Cabitza, F. J. Agric. Food Chem. (2000) [Pubmed]
  8. Toxic responses and catalase activity of Lemna minor L. Exposed to folpet, copper, and their combination. Teisseire, H., Couderchet, M., Vernet, G. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. (1998) [Pubmed]
  9. Effect of fungicide Folpet on growth and chromosomes of human lymphoid cell lines. Sirianni, S.R., Huang, C.C. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. (1978) [Pubmed]
  10. Hepatotoxicity of orally and intraperitoneally administered folpet in male rats. Ashley, W.M., Smith, R.E., Dalvi, R.R. Journal of toxicology and environmental health. (1982) [Pubmed]
  11. Evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of pesticides. 4. Chloroalkylthiodicarboximide compounds with fungicidal activity. Quest, J.A., Fenner-Crisp, P.A., Burnam, W., Copley, M., Dearfield, K.L., Hamernik, K.L., Saunders, D.S., Whiting, R.J., Engler, R. Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology : RTP. (1993) [Pubmed]
  12. Teratogenicity of the fungicides captan and folpet in the chick embryo. Martin, D.H., Lewis, R., Tibbitts, D. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology. (1978) [Pubmed]
  13. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the fungicides captan and folpet in cultured mammalian cells CHO/HGPRT system). O'Neill, J.P., Forbes, N.L., Hsie, A.W. Environmental mutagenesis. (1981) [Pubmed]
  14. Induction of hsp70 in transgenic Drosophila: biomarker of exposure against phthalimide group of chemicals. Nazir, A., Saxena, D.K., Kar Chowdhuri, D. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (2003) [Pubmed]
  15. Folpet permeation through nitrile gloves. Zainal, H., Que Hee, S.S. Applied occupational and environmental hygiene. (2003) [Pubmed]
  16. Residue determination of captan and folpet in vegetable samples by gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. Barreda, M., López, F.J., Villarroya, M., Beltran, J., García-Baudín, J.M., Hernández, F. Journal of AOAC International. (2006) [Pubmed]
 
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