Disease relevance of Thiophal

• We suggest that the presence of duodenal obstructions is consistent with the notion that reflux of folpet, bile acids and pancreatic enzymes into the stomach may have acted to irritate and consequently stimulate local neoplastic proliferation [1].
• Dietary administration of the fungicide folpet, N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide, to B6C3F1 mice at dose levels of 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 ppm induced a dose-related appearance of duodenal atypical hyperplasia, adenomas and adenocarcinomas [1].
• Mutagenic evaluation of the pesticides captan, folpet, captafol, dichlofluanid and related compounds with the mutants TA102 and TA104 of Salmonella typhimurium [2].
• Farmers were most frequently sensitive to Captofol, Folpet, and Captan which were associated with dermatitis on the volar aspects of the hands [3].
• Allergic reactions to fungicides were found in 46: thiophthalimides (captan, folpet and difolatan) were the most common [4].

High impact information on Thiophal

• The cell-transforming potential of 1,2-dibromoethane and folpet, two widely used agricultural pesticides that are potential sources of environmental pollution, has been previously ascribed to their promoting activity [5].
• Cell-cycle deregulation in BALB/c 3T3 cells transformed by 1,2-dibromoethane and folpet pesticides [5].
• Transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells in vitro by the fungicides captan, captafol and folpet [6].
• This would cause high concentrations of folpet to act locally on the gastric mucosa [1].
• Field trials were carried out to evaluate whether folpet sprayed on grapevines penetrated the epicuticular wax and cell walls of grapes [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of Thiophal

• A mutagenic evaluation of captan, folpet, captafol, dichlofluanid and related compounds was carried out using the Salmonella/mammalian microsome test using strains TA102 and TA104 [2].

Biological context of Thiophal

• IC10, IC50, and IC90 were determined for both compounds alone and were respectively, 0.03, 0.16, and 0.95 mg liter-1 for copper and 1.20, 7.50, and > 40 mg liter-1 for folpet [8].
• Antagonism between Cu and folpet could not be explained by a reduced bioavailability of Cu since concentration of free copper in the mixture did not depend on the presence of folpet [8].
• Effect of fungicide Folpet on growth and chromosomes of human lymphoid cell lines [9].
• An ip LD50 value (68 mg/kg) for folpet, a widely used fungicide, was determined using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats [10].

Anatomical context of Thiophal

• In addition, positive trends for thyroid, testicular, mammary gland, and lymph node tumors were observed with folpet in the same strains of rats [11].
• Teratogenicity of the fungicides captan and folpet in the chick embryo [12].
• One normal human lymphoid cell line was treated continuously with the fungicide Folpet (N-trichloromethylthio-phthalimide) at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 microgram/ml of media and one Burkitt cell line was pulse-treated with the same compound for 15 min at 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 microgram/ml [9].
• In vitro incubation of folpet with rat liver microsomes with and without an NADPH-generating system showed that the fungicide may not require metabolism to exert inhibitory effect on the microsomal enzymes [10].
• Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the fungicides captan and folpet in cultured mammalian cells CHO/HGPRT system) [13].

Gene context of Thiophal

• We exposed third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg(9) to different concentrations of the test chemicals (Captan, Captafol and Folpet) for various time intervals (2-48 h) to evaluate expression of hsp70 by X-gal staining, ONPG assay and whole organ in situ immunohistochemistry [14].
• Copper and folpet stimulated catalase activity and changes in the activity of the enzyme could not account for the synergy but possibly for the antagonism [8].
• GC-ECD-based permeation and IR reflectance data indicated high chemical resistance of the Sol-Vex gloves to an aqueous emulsion of Folpet [15].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Thiophal

• Residue determination of captan and folpet in vegetable samples by gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry [16].
• Distribution of folpet on the grape surface after treatment [7].

References