High impact information on Hoxd10

• In mutant embryos, expression of both Hoxd-11 and Hoxd-10 mRNAs in the prevertebral column is anteriorized [1].
• Hoxd-10 expression affects head and thorax, but not the abdomen [2].
• This study reports the expression domains of two murine HOX gene members of the HOX-5 complex (Hox-5.2, Hox-5.3) [3].
• The partial characterization of this gene cluster revealed the presence of two novel genes (Hox-5.2, Hox-5.3) located at the 5' extremity of this complex [4].
• These observations suggest a role for the Hoxd-10 gene in establishing regional identity within the spinal cord and imply that patterning of the spinal cord may have intrinsic components and is not completely imposed by the surrounding mesoderm [5].

Biological context of Hoxd10

• Analysis of putative promoter regions for Hox protein binding sites suggested that some genes may be direct Hoxd10 targets, whereas others likely are regulated through intermediate steps [6].
• In vivo targeted mutagenesis of a regulatory element required for positioning the Hoxd-11 and Hoxd-10 expression boundaries [1].
• In the trunk of mutant embryos, transcriptional activation of Hoxd-11 and Hoxd-10 was severely delayed, but subsequently resumed with appropriate spatial distributions [7].
• A neomycin resistance (neo) gene driven by the phosphoglycerokinase (PGK) promoter was inserted into the Hoxd-10 homeobox by homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells [8].
• Dinucleotide repeats in the mouse Hox-4.4 and Hox-4.5 genes on chromosome 2, and their analysis in the BXD and BXH recombinant inbred strains [9].

Anatomical context of Hoxd10

• We have examined the effects of simultaneous inactivation of Hoxa10 and Hoxd10 on mouse hindlimb skeletal and nervous system development [10].
• Targeted disruption of Hoxd9 and Hoxd10 alters locomotor behavior, vertebral identity, and peripheral nervous system development [11].
• Identification of a Hoxd10-regulated transcriptional network and combinatorial interactions with Hoxa10 during spinal cord development [6].
• Hoxa10 and Hoxd10 coordinately regulate lumbar motor neuron patterning [12].
• The paralogous Hox genes Hoxa10 and Hoxd10 are expressed in overlapping domains in the developing lumbar spinal cord and surrounding mesoderm [12].

Regulatory relationships of Hoxd10

• Insertion of a targeting construct in a Hoxd-10 allele can influence the control of Hoxd-9 expression [8].

Other interactions of Hoxd10

• These observations suggest that Hoxa10 and Hoxd10 coordinately regulate skeletal development and innervation of the hindlimb [10].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hoxd10

• Using cDNA microarrays to study a single gene knockout during critical developmental stages has identified a large number of genes regulated by Hoxd10, many of which would not have been approached as candidates for Hox gene regulation based on function or expression [6].
• Nine genes showed changes in expression of the same sign and similar magnitude using RT-PCR in Hoxd10 single mutant animals, with additional changes in expression seen in Hoxa10/Hoxd10 double mutant animals [6].

References