Disease relevance of neomycin

• Here we show that certain aminoglycoside antibiotics, in particular neomycin B, can block binding of the HIV Rev protein to its viral RNA recognition element [1].
• Cloned DNA sequences encoding yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and a bacterial neomycin phosphotransferase have been inserted into the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTiT37 at the "rooty" locus [2].
• Neomycin for hypercholesterolemia [3].
• An infectious retrovirus vector has been used to transfer a bacterial gene encoding resistance to the neomycin analogue G418 into pluripotent haematopoietic stem cells present in explanted murine bone marrow tissue [4].
• In a test system in vitro, protein synthesis by Escherichia coli is inhibited and killing of the cells is enhanced by heating neomycin-containing liposomes to their phase transition temperature to maximize drug release [5].

Psychiatry related information on neomycin

• Spontaneous intake of neomycin for 7 days at doses comparable to human usage (0.1 to 0.2 gm/kg/day) was associated with a significant increase in spontaneous motor activity in rats subjected to portacaval shunt (26.4% in group A, 66.3% in group B; p < 0.01 for each protocol) with no significant effect in sham-operated animals [6].
• Results of experimental treatments with neomycin at various times during the incubation with PDGF indicate that the critical period during which PDGF acts to stimulate DNA synthesis is after the 1st h but before the 12th h of incubation [7].
• Moreover auditory brainstem testing revealed no change in auditory thresholds in the ofloxacin-treated animals, whereas neomycin-treated animals showed substantial threshold shifts [8].
• The presence of micromolar concentrations of neomycin in the cell medium causes both prolongation of response latency and decrease of cell photoresponsiveness [9].

High impact information on neomycin

• The beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) gene of the mouse was disrupted by inserting into exon 2 a cassette containing a neomycin resistance gene and a putative transcription termination sequence [10].
• We replaced the IgH 3' enhancer (3'EH) region with a neomycin resistance gene in ES cells and generated chimeric mice in which all mature lymphocytes were either heterozygous (3'EH+/-) or homozygous (3'EH-/-) for the mutation [11].
• We further demonstrate that neomycin B can specifically antagonize Rev function in vitro and in vivo and can inhibit production of HIV [1].
• We have marked a cloned mouse IAP sequence with a neomycin-containing indicator gene whose expression is conditioned by passage of the transposon through an RNA intermediate [12].
• The presence and expression of the neomycin-resistance gene were demonstrated in TIL from all the patients with Southern blot analysis and enzymatic assay for the neomycin phosphotransferase coded by the bacterial gene [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of neomycin

• Chemical probing of the phage T4-derived sunY intron shows that neomycin, streptomycin, and related antibiotics protected the N-7 position of G96, a universally conserved guanine in the binding site for the guanosine cofactor in the splicing reaction [14].
• The prevalence of contact allergic dermatitis and nonallergic irritant reactions to neomycin sulfate was determined in a large group of young adults who had a noteworthy exposure to topical antibiotics [15].
• 110 El Tor Vibrio cholerae isolates from 102 patients with cholera between November, 1977, and March, 1978, during the early stages of the fourth epidemic of cholera in Tanzania had minimum inhibitory concentrations to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, neomycin, ampicillin, and sulphadimidine determined [16].
• Encephalopathy in liver disease may be unresponsive to protein restriction, lactulose, and neomycin [17].
• Lactose enemas plus placebo tablets vs. neomycin tablets plus starch enemas in acute portal systemic encephalopathy. A double-blind randomized controlled study [18].

Biological context of neomycin

• The myogenic phenotype remains linked to neomycin resistance during secondary transfections [19].
• There is a week RNA polymerase binding site present in one repeat and not in the other which seems to be important for neomycin resistance [20].
• Similarly, transfection of these cells with a thyroglobulin promoter fused to a neomycin resistance reporter gene does not produce clones resistant to G418 [21].
• Phosphoinositides in mitogenesis: neomycin inhibits thrombin-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover and initiation of cell proliferation [22].
• Targeted insertion of the neomycin phosphotransferase gene into the tubulin gene cluster of Trypanosoma brucei [23].

Anatomical context of neomycin

• Stable myogenic cell lines have been derived at a high frequency by transfection of a cloned multipotential mouse embryo cell line, C3H 10T1/2, with cloned human DNA linked to a selectable neomycin resistance gene [19].
• Cells from four of the five patients grew successfully in high concentrations of G418, a neomycin analogue otherwise toxic to eukaryotic cells [13].
• Bone marrow cells infected with retroviral vectors carrying the bacterial neomycin resistance (neo) gene as a marker were used for long-term reconstitution of the haematopoietic system of irradiated mice [24].
• To study T-cell survival, we adoptively transferred peripheral blood lymphocytes transduced with the neomycin phosphotransferase gene between syngeneic twin pairs discordant for HIV infection [25].
• We now provide evidence that mast cell secretion is inhibited by internalized neomycin, a compound known to interact with PPI [26].

Associations of neomycin with other chemical compounds

• We have now produced amphotropic retroviral vectors containing either the bacterial gene for neomycin resistance or a mutant dihydrofolate reductase gene that confers resistance to methotrexate and have used these vectors to infect and confer drug resistance to human haematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro [27].
• In the latter assay, the rate of tRNA movement is increased by streptomycin and neomycin, decreased by tetracycline, and not affected by the acylation state of the tRNA [28].
• Effect of neomycin on azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats [29].
• The effect of the administration of the antibiotic neomycin sulfate on the absorption of digoxin was assessed in crossover studies in normal human volunteers [30].
• The inhibition of digoxin absorption was also seen: (1) when the antibiotic was given 3 or 6 hr before the cardiac glycoside, (2) with digoxin tablets of varying dissolution rate, (3) when digoxin or neomycin solutions were used instead of tablets, and (4) in a patient who had had a total gastrectomy [30].

Gene context of neomycin

• Two cell clones expressed high levels of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein as compared with control cells transfected with plasmids containing the neomycin-resistance gene only [31].
• The genomic sequences comprising exon 2 through 5 of the u-PAR gene were replaced by the neomycin resistance gene, resulting in inactivation of both u-PAR splice variants [32].
• Surprisingly, however, neither PLD nor neomycin has any effect on the recruitment of AP-1 adaptors onto the TGN, even though AP-1 recruitment is ARF mediated [33].
• We then generated ezrin knockdown (Vil2(kd/kd)) mice by introducing a neomycin resistance cassette between exons 2 and 3 [34].
• To investigate the role of HLF in adult pathological angiogenesis, we generated HLF-knockdown (HLF(kd/kd)) mice by inserting a neomycin gene sandwiched between two loxP sequences into exon 1 of the HLF gene [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of neomycin

• METHODS: A plasmid containing a human calponin h1 complementary DNA and a bacterial neomycin-resistance gene was transfected into the human leiomyosarcoma cell lines SKN and SK-LMS-1 by electroporation [36].
• These results suggest that long-term oral administration of neomycin increases the incidence of colon adenocarcinomas [29].
• Southern blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm DNA transfer and expression of the calponin h1 protein in neomycin-resistant clones [36].
• Colonic and cecal bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity was significantly lower in the group given 200 micrograms neomycin than it was in the control group [29].
• By transferring a neomycin resistance marker gene into the marrow cells of 20 patients before transplantation, we were able to trace the pattern of haemopoietic reconstitution postinfusion [37].

References