Disease relevance of HPCAL1

• The mode of action of HLP 2 against the bacterial membrane was investigated by flow cytometric analysis, using Escherichia coli, NCTC 8007 [1].

High impact information on HPCAL1

• CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that GREB1 and HPCAL1 are candidate hypertension-susceptibility genes in the Japanese general population and supports previous studies that also identified hypertension-related loci in this narrow region [2].
• To gain insights into the characteristics of visinin-like protein-3, we have generated specific antibodies against visinin-like protein-3 and determined the developmental and tissue distribution of the protein and its exact cellular and subcellular localization [3].
• Visinin-like protein-3 is a member of the family of intracellular neuronal calcium sensors belonging to the superfamily of EF-hand proteins [3].
• The membrane association was strongly reduced for the non-myristoylated mutant of visinin-like protein-3 in transfected cells.These results suggest that visinin-like protein-3, which is mainly expressed in Purkinje cells in vivo, shows a calcium-dependent association with cell membranes which is mediated by a calcium-myristoyl switch [3].
• Extracellularly, VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 immunoreactive material was detected in close association with typical pathologic hallmarks of AD such as dystrophic nerve cell processes, amorphous and neuritic plaques, and extracellular tangles [4].

Biological context of HPCAL1

• The hHLP2 gene was mapped to human chromosome 2 [5].
• A cDNA clone (hHLP2) encoding a novel calcium-binding protein structurally related to hippocalcin has been isolated from the human hippocampus cDNA library [5].
• HLP 2 caused complete loss of membrane potential and integrity, with irreversible damage to the cell as shown by rapid loss of viability [1].

Anatomical context of HPCAL1

• Further, neurons belonging to different nuclei of the brain stem and multiple subcortical nerve cells stained for visinin-like protein 3 [6].
• No differences between schizophrenics, depressives and controls were found in the number of VILIP-1 immunoreactive dentate nucleus neurons and VILIP-3 immunoreactive vermal and flocculonodular Purkinje cells [7].
• The cellular distribution of two calcium sensor proteins (VILIP-1 and VILIP-3) and of neuronal NOS immunoreactivity was studied morphometrically in the flocculonodulus, the inferior vermis and the dentate nucleus of 9 schizophrenics, 7 depressive patients and 9 matched controls [7].

Associations of HPCAL1 with chemical compounds

• The interaction of human visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP1) and visinin-like protein 3 (VILIP3) with divalent cations (Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+) and Ba(2+)) was explored using circular dichroism and fluorescence measurement [8].
• To investigate the relationship between structure and function of HLP 2, HLP 6 was synthesised with a proline replacing methionine [1].

References