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Gene Review:

ifnphi1 - interferon phi 1

Danio rerio

Synonyms: SO:0000704, ifn, ifn1

Chen, J.Y. et al., Long, S. et al., Zhang, Y.B. et al., Hermann, A.C. et al., Chen, Y.M. et al., et al.

Robertsen, Bergan, Røkenes, Larsen, Albuquerque,

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Disease relevance of ifn

UV-inactivated GCHV (grass carp hemorrhage virus) is able to induce an antiviral state in cultured CAB cells (crucian carp Carassius auratus blastulae embryonic cells) via the production of interferon (IFN) [1].
In order to evaluate the effects of fish recombinant interferon (rIFN) on fish pathogenic rhabdoviruses, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) IFN (DreIFN) allele B gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli [2].

High impact information on ifn

The PAb detected the approximately 71 kDa Mx protein from Japanese flounder (hirame) natural embryo (HINAE) cells that had been cultured with poly I:C, an interferon inducer, but not in unstimulated cells [3].
Atlantic salmon interferon genes: cloning, sequence analysis, expression, and biological activity [4].
Analysis of the 5'-flanking sequence of the gene shows that as in pufferfish and zebrafish, the OsgMx promoter contains two potential interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) responsible for the induction of interferon-inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly[I:C]) [5].
Moreover, as with salmon, fugu, and zebrafish interferon genes, CF IFN-1 contained four introns whose locations were conserved not only with respect to other fish IFNs, but also with respect to mammalian IFN-lambda [6].
Since Southern blot analysis suggested the presence of two to three IFN genes, additional cDNAs were generated from catfish fibroblast and lymphoid cell lines using primers designed to conserved regions of zebrafish and catfish interferon [6].

Biological context of ifn

Respiratory burst activity, messenger RNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a primer of the respiratory burst response, and mRNA expression of the antiviral cytokines interferon (IFN) and MX, : before and after viral infection, were examined in arsenic-exposed zebrafish larvae [7].
In this study, we investigated whether the viral replicative intermediate double-stranded RNA (herein we used synthetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I):poly(C)] modifies the effects of interferon on gene expression [8].
In these cell lines, maximum promoter activity was located in 2.2 kb of the zebrafish interferon 5' flanking region of the ZFL cell line [8].
Further study of the in vivo expression of the interferon promoter during development was carried out in transgenic zebrafish expressing an interferon promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding the GFP cDNA transgene [8].
For the purpose of understanding the molecular mechanism which controls transcription of the interferon gene, we cloned and sequenced the interferon promoter region of the zebrafish interferon gene and characterized its activity using firefly luciferase transient transfection expression assays [8].

Regulatory relationships of ifn

Differential expression of two Carassius auratus Mx genes in cultured CAB cells induced by grass carp hemorrhage virus and interferon [1].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ifn

The results showed that after treatment with 10 microg/ml poly(I):poly(C), high promoter activity was observed in the -2.2-kb interferon promoter fragment [8].
The antiviral response in zebrafish was monitored by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of zebrafish interferon (IFN) and Mx expression [9].
Molecular cloning of the fish interferon stimulated gene, 15 kDa (ISG15) orthologue: a ubiquitin-like gene induced by nephrotoxic damage [10].

References

Differential expression of two Carassius auratus Mx genes in cultured CAB cells induced by grass carp hemorrhage virus and interferon. Zhang, Y.B., Li, Q., Gui, J.F. Immunogenetics (2004) [Pubmed]
In vitro effects of recombinant zebrafish IFN on spring viremia of carp virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Wang, L., Wang, L., Zhang, H.X., Zhang, J.H., Chen, W.H., Ruan, X.F., Xia, C. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. (2006) [Pubmed]
Immunoanalysis of antiviral Mx protein expression in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) cells. Lin, O.E., Ohira, T., Hirono, I., Saito-Taki, T., Aoki, T. Dev. Comp. Immunol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Atlantic salmon interferon genes: cloning, sequence analysis, expression, and biological activity. Robertsen, B., Bergan, V., Røkenes, T., Larsen, R., Albuquerque, A. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
Cloning of an orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) Mx cDNA and characterisation of its expression in response to nodavirus. Chen, Y.M., Su, Y.L., Lin, J.H., Yang, H.L., Chen, T.Y. Fish Shellfish Immunol. (2006) [Pubmed]
Identification and expression analysis of cDNAs encoding channel catfish type I interferons. Long, S., Milev-Milovanovic, I., Wilson, M., Bengten, E., Clem, L.W., Miller, N.W., Chinchar, V.G. Fish Shellfish Immunol. (2006) [Pubmed]
Effects of arsenic on zebrafish innate immune system. Hermann, A.C., Kim, C.H. Mar. Biotechnol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Organization and promoter analysis of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) interferon gene. Chen, J.Y., You, Y.K., Chen, J.C., Huang, T.C., Kuo, C.M. DNA Cell Biol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Characterization of snakehead rhabdovirus infection in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Phelan, P.E., Pressley, M.E., Witten, P.E., Mellon, M.T., Blake, S., Kim, C.H. J. Virol. (2005) [Pubmed]
Molecular cloning of the fish interferon stimulated gene, 15 kDa (ISG15) orthologue: a ubiquitin-like gene induced by nephrotoxic damage. Liu, M., Reimschuessel, R., Hassel, B.A. Gene (2002) [Pubmed]

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