Disease relevance of Carps

• By contrast, the crucian carp remains active in anoxia, although it suppresses selected brain functions, and avoids lactate self-poisoning by producing an exotic anaerobic end-product [1].
• Ganglion cell somata were drawn, measured and counted in flat-mounted crucian carp and goldfish retinas stained with cresyl violet or methylene blue [2].
• Investigations of acute and subacute atrazine toxicity in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were carried out [3].
• Administration of yeast glucan enhances survival and some non-specific and specific immune parameters in carp (Cyprinus carpio) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila [4].
• Renal but not hepatic failure induced by grass carp bile juice could be prevented by pentoxifylline [5].

Psychiatry related information on Carps

• The crucian carp displays a more modest depression of ATP use, probably achieved through a moderated release of GABA and adenosine, allowing the animal to maintain physical activity in anoxia [6].

High impact information on Carps

• When overexpressed, CARPs, via an IAP-like RING domain, can contribute to the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of DED caspases [7].
• Regulatory regions of the beta-actin gene of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) have been examined by linking upstream, 5'-flanking sequences and regions of the first intron to a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene [8].
• Here, we describe two diverged B/C2-like cDNA clones (B/C2-A and B/C2-B) isolated from a bony fish, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [9].
• We report herein the isolation of three full-length cDNAs that correspond to three closely related creatine kinase M-CK genes from common carp (Cyprinus carpio), designated the M1-CK, M2-CK, and M3-CK genes [10].
• Two diverged complement factor B/C2-like cDNA sequences from a teleost, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Carps

• The effects of hypoxia exposure and subsequent normoxic recovery on the levels of lipid peroxides (LOOH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), carbonylproteins, total glutathione levels, and the activities of six antioxidant enzymes were measured in brain, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle of the common carp Cyprinus carpio [11].
• Chronic toxicity of nonylphenol and ethinylestradiol: haematological and histopathological effects in juvenile Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [12].
• A sub-chronic toxicity experiment was conducted to examine tissue distribution and depuration of two microcystins (microcystin-LR and microcystin -RR) in the phytoplanktivorous filter-feeding silver carp during a course of 80 days [13].
• The effects of aquatic humic acids on the bioconcentration and acute toxicity of fenpropathrin were evaluated using grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, in laboratory freshwater systems [14].
• Early life-stage survival, motility, and growth toxicity tests were carried out on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) endotrophic embryo, with two reference molecules (captafol and DNOC), from fertilization to the end of the first two-thirds period of mortalities by starvation [15].

Biological context of Carps

• CaM antagonism and inactivation of calcineurin blocked the inhibitory effects of IGF-I and IGF-II on GH gene expression, and CaM overexpression also suppressed the 5' promoter activity of the grass carp GH gene [16].
• We have determined the complete DNA nucleotide sequence of the carp Cyprinus carpio fast skeletal myosin heavy chain (MYH) gene [17].
• Temperature and the expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and myosin heavy chain isoforms during embryogenesis in the common carp Cyprinus carpio L [18].
• Impact of PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) and TBT and a mixture of both on swimming behavior, body growth and enzymatic biotransformation activities (GST) of young carp (Cyprinus carpio) [19].
• For this purpose, the uptake and tissue distribution of dietary and aqueous cadmium by the carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied [20].

Anatomical context of Carps

• Additionally, the occurrence of alpha-L-fucose in the goblet cells of chub, grass carp and sneep was confirmed [21].
• Nerve fibers with PACAP immunoreactivity were identified in the grass carp pituitary overlapping with the distribution of somatotrophs [22].
• GABA- and glycine-immunoreactive neurons in the spinal cord of the carp, Cyprinus carpio [23].
• The aim of this work was to test the potential genotoxic effects on circulating erythrocytes of the fish Cyprinus carpio exposed in vivo to well-waters disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) or peracetic acid (CH3COO2H, PAA), in the absence or presence of standard humic acids (HA) [24].
• The present study investigated the effects of the known xenoestrogen bisphenol A (BPA) relative to eight BPA-related diphenylalkanes on estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated vitellogenin (vtg) production in hepatocytes from male carp (Cyprinus carpio), and on aromatase (CYP19) activity in the human adrenocortical H295R carcinoma cell line [25].

Associations of Carps with chemical compounds

• Recent investigations on carp (Cyprinus carpio) and other fish species revealed striking features unique to bony fish complement, including a remarkable diversity in structure and function of the third component, C3, and the presence of a newly identified lineage in evolution of the factor B and C2 family [26].
• Isolation and primary structure of the three major forms of granulin-like peptides from hematopoietic tissues of a teleost fish (Cyprinus carpio) [27].
• Evidence that acetylcholine mediates increased cerebral blood flow velocity in crucian carp through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism [28].
• 5alpha-Cyprinol sulfate was isolated from bile of the Asiatic carp, Cyprinus carpio [29].
• To explore the structural and functional diversity of bony fish C3, we have isolated eight distinct cDNA clones encoding C3 from a single carp (Cyprinus carpio) [30].

Gene context of Carps

• LH receptors were identified in grass carp somatotrophs and their activation by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increased 'steady-state' GH mRNA levels [31].
• Structural characterisation of a cyprinid (Cyprinus carpio L.) CRH, CRH-BP and CRH-R1, and the role of these proteins in the acute stress response [32].
• A novel truncated isoform of the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease (MASP) from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) [33].
• This study reports the expression of a PS1-like cDNA in the carp (Cyprinus carpio) retina (the encoded protein shows 76% identity to the human PS1 protein) [34].
• However, this receptor was found to be specific for a carp GHRH-like peptide isolated from the brain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio); there was a significant and dose-dependent increase in intracellular cAMP (a maximum response of 22-fold increase with an EC50 of 0.1 nM) when the transfected cells were stimulated with this peptide [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Carps

• Molecular cloning and protein analysis of divergent forms of the complement component C3 from a bony fish, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio): presence of variants lacking the catalytic histidine [30].
• Inner retinal cells including dopamine (DA) cells were isolated and fractionated from the carp (Cyprinus carpio) retina by an enzyme cell dissociation and metrizamide gradient centrifugation method [36].
• TGF-beta2 has been cloned from a fish, Cyprinus carpio, by RT-PCR using degenerate oligonucleotide primers [37].
• To study the value of liposomes as carriers of antigens for oral vaccination in fish, humoral immune responses were analyzed after immunizing carp (Cyprinus carpio) with liposome-entrapped bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model antigen [38].
• As a first step towards assessing the potential of an immunoassay for CRP in fish, we have isolated and characterised common carp Cyprinus carpio CRP and a highly specific and sensitive anti-carp CRP polyclonal antibody has been raised [39].

References