Disease relevance of Catfishes

• Although the occurrence of lymphosarcoma in these 2 catfish appeared to be related to exposure to MNNG, the exact role MNNG played in the tumor formation was not determined [1].
• In rats, the phosphorothionate insecticide parathion exhibits greater toxicity than chlorpyrifos, while in catfish the toxicities are reversed [2].
• The Edwardsiella ictaluri O polysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster and the role of O polysaccharide in resistance to normal catfish serum and catfish neutrophils [3].
• In the catfish Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias batrachus, ovarian oestrogen-2-hydroxylase (OE-2-H) activity increased significantly at 8 h after the injection of an ovulatory dose (0.15 microg/g body weight) of a mammalian GnRH analogue ([d -Ala(6)-Pro(9)]-LHRH ethylamide) and was restored to the 0 h (control) level after egg-stripping at 16 h [4].
• Hypothyroidism induced by adding 0.03% thiourea to aquarium water holding the catfish for 7, 14 and 21 days decreased serum T(3) levels in a duration-dependent manner (Newman-Keuls' test; P<0.05) and inhibited TH activity in the brain regions [5].

Psychiatry related information on Catfishes

• Fresh catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were subjected to different concentrations of sodium benzoate or potasium sorbate and smoked traditionally before evaluation for microbiological, chemical and organoleptic characteristics during ambient tropical storage [6].

High impact information on Catfishes

• Following absorption of their yolk sacs, the catfish fry feed upon the fry of the host while still in its mouth [7].
• Cyclic GMP-sensitive conductance in outer segment membrane of catfish cones [8].
• To determine the subunit stoichiometry of CNG ion channels, we have coexpressed the 30 pS conductance bovine retinal channel (RET) with an 85 pS conductance chimeric retinal channel containing the catfish olfactory channel P region (RO133) [9].
• L-glutamate suppresses HVA calcium current in catfish horizontal cells by raising intracellular proton concentration [10].
• Protonation of histidine groups inhibits gating of the quisqualate/kainate channel protein in isolated catfish cone horizontal cells [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Catfishes

• Embryo-larval toxicity tests with the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were conducted with five chemicals (Cr, Cd, Zn, NaPCP and malathion) and three environmental samples [12].
• A comparison of ovarian recrudescence in the catfish, Mystus tengara (Ham.), exposed to short photoperiods, to long photoperiods, and to melatonin [13].
• Dietary supplement of ascorbic acid at also appropriate level appeared to be a good way to counter toxicity of deltamethrin to the catfish [14].
• The present study demonstrates an immunostimulatory effect of vitamin C on the humoral and cell mediated immunity of the bagrid catfish, Mystus gulio, determined using different bacterins of Aeromonas hydrophila [15].
• The acute toxicity of the carbamate insecticide, carbaryl, in technical and commercial formulations was investigated in the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus, after exposures of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr [16].

Biological context of Catfishes

• Amino acid sequence of catfish pancreatic somatostatin I [17].
• E-box binding transcription factors of the class I basic helix-loop-helix family were cloned from a catfish B cell cDNA library in this study, and homologs of TF12/HEB were identified as the most highly represented E-proteins [18].
• In transient expression assays, catfish Oct2 beta showed a marked preference for the octamer variant, ATGtAAAT, which occurs twice in the catfish enhancer [19].
• The results suggest that the two somatostatin genes present in both anglerfish and catfish were the result of a gene duplication event in a common ancestor of anglerfish and catfish [20].
• All receptors able to bind agonist were also able to activate phospholipase C. The catfish GnRH-R was phosphorylated after agonist-occupation and use of truncated mutants showed this phosphorylation to be within the carboxyl-terminal tail [21].

Anatomical context of Catfishes

• Myosin has been purified from the principal pancreatic islet of catfish, hog salivary gland, and hog pituitary [22].
• Dopamine causes a significant retraction of neurites of bull-head catfish horizontal cells maintained in culture [23].
• Isolation and structures of glucagon and glucagon-like peptide from catfish pancreas [24].
• The level of somatostatin-14 in the catfish endocrine pancreas was determined to be 104 micrograms of immunoreactive somatostatin/g of tissue [25].
• The second full-length cDNA, which was cloned from catfish heart, encodes a 406-amino acid protein that showed homology to murine CRF-R2 (88%) and when expressed in COS-7 cells preferentially bound sauvagine [26].

Associations of Catfishes with chemical compounds

• gamma-Aminobutyric acid: a neurotransmitter candidate for cone horizontal cells of the catfish retina [27].
• Here, we have examined the cellular localization of NOS in the retinas of salamander, goldfish, and catfish using both an affinity-purified antiserum to brain NOS and NADPH diaphorase (NADPHd) histochemistry [28].
• A comparison of catfish and human J chain amino acid analyses showed the former to have a higher content of serine, glycine, and phenylalanine and a lower content of aspartic acid, isoleucine, and arginine [29].
• The high similarity defined with other vertebrate V regions readily allowed the catfish sequence to be divided into FR and CDR regions [30].
• The bimodal gill(water)/gut(air)-breathing Amazonian catfish Hoplosternum littorale that frequents hypoxic habitats uses "mammalian" 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) in addition to "piscine" ATP and GTP as erythrocytic O(2) affinity modulators [31].

Gene context of Catfishes

• Addition of catfish gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor intracellular carboxyl-terminal tail to rat GnRH receptor alters receptor expression and regulation [32].
• Characterization of three corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in catfish: a novel third receptor is predominantly expressed in pituitary and urophysis [26].
• We conclude that we have cloned a cDNA encoding a functional FSH-R from African catfish testis [33].
• This indicated that an LH receptor is also expressed in African catfish testis [33].
• P-glycoprotein in the catfish intestine: inducibility by xenobiotics and functional properties [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Catfishes

• Catfish glucagon exhibits a high degree of immunologic similarity with porcine glucagon by radioimmunoassay, whereas catfish glucagon-like peptide does not [24].
• Gel-shift analysis competition assays indicated that catfish Oct2 binds the consensus octamer motif with an apparently higher affinity than it does the variant motif [19].
• Sequence analysis of H chain cDNA derived from the spleen of an individual catfish has shown that somatic mutation occurs within both the VH- and JH-encoded regions [35].
• Regulation of steady-state luteinizing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid levels, de novo synthesis, and release by sex steroids in primary pituitary cell cultures of male African catfish, Clarias gariepinus [36].
• Determination of antipyrine in catfish plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography [37].

References