Disease relevance of C6orf47

• In the timing network, most (approximately 75%) of the coordinating interneuron action potentials were generated at a primary spike initiation site located in ganglion 4 (G4) [1].
• Both viruses contain an X region coding for at least four proteins: Tax and Rex, which are involved in transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation, respectively, and the accessory proteins R3 and G4 (for BLV) and p12(I), p13(II), and p30(II) (for HTLV-1) [2].
• Subcellular localization of the bovine leukemia virus R3 and G4 accessory proteins [2].
• Strongly attenuated mutant proviruses that harbor deletions in the G4 and/or R3 genes also decrease the global susceptibility to apoptosis at levels similar to those obtained with the wild-type virus [3].
• The level of detection of the fluorescent assay was 0.1 pg of cryptic plasmid DNA or 200 cfu of the plasmid-containing strain NG 34/85 of Neisseria gonorrhoeae [4].

High impact information on C6orf47

• Finally, HTLV-1 p13(II) was also found to specifically interact with FPPS (in yeast as well as in GST pull-down assays) and to colocalize with G4 in mitochondria, suggesting a functional analogy between these oncoviral accessory proteins [5].
• Disruption of the G4 and p13(II) open reading frames interferes with viral spread in animal model systems, indicating that the corresponding proteins play a key role in viral replication [5].
• Thus, despite a lack of significant primary sequence homology, R3 and p12(I) and G4 and p13(II) exhibit similar targeting properties, suggesting possible overlap in their functional properties [2].
• The G4 protein itself was not prenylated, at least in rabbit reticulocyte lysate-based assays [5].
• The domain of G4 required for binding to FPPS was restricted to an amphipathic alpha-helix rich in arginine residues [5].

Biological context of C6orf47

• Analysis of these and previously known IGHG RFLP in a sample of 65 unrelated subjects plus 15 families allowed us to draw a genetic map, with particularly high resolution in the GP-G2-G4 genes region, revealing a marked discontinuity in the linkage disequilibrium values between pairs of adjacent loci [6].
• The BS51 haplotype characterized by a duplicated G4 gene (additional 7.85 kb G4 band identifying a new G4*C5 allele) was always found associated with the Gm 5*;3;23 haplotype [7].
• These observations demonstrate that the R3 and G4 genes are not required to maintain both direct and indirect protection against apoptosis [3].
• Moreover, the different association levels of the PG4 and SG4 regions suggest that this defect is likely to lie in an upstream regulatory region rather than in the structural G4 gene [8].
• The results showed that the incorporation of the PAMAM G4 and G3,5 dendrimers in DPPC bilayers causes a concentration dependent increase of the membrane fluidity and that the bilayers interact strongly with both the lipophilic part and the polar head group of the phospholipids [9].

Anatomical context of C6orf47

• In contrast, G4, like p13(II), is localized both in the nucleus and in mitochondria [2].
• G4 and p13(II) are accessory proteins encoded by the X region of bovine leukemia virus and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), respectively [5].
• The interaction between PAMAM (polyamidoamine) dendrimer generation 4 (G4) and 3,5 (G3,5) with model lipid membranes composed of dipalmytoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) has been investigated [9].

Associations of C6orf47 with chemical compounds

• Using NMR, we show that distamycin binds specifically to G4 DNA, stacking on the terminal G-quartets and contacting the flanking bases [10].

Other interactions of C6orf47

• This asymmetry in the control of spike activity in the coordinating interneurons may account for the observation that the phase of the coordinating interneurons is more tightly linked to the G3 than G4 oscillator interneurons [1].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C6orf47

• In both of these locations, tectobulbar axons express molecules involved in axon-axon and axon-substrate interactions like the G4 antigen, neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM), neurofascin, and T61 antigen as revealed by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting [11].
• In addition, G4 is oncogenic in primary cell cultures and is absolutely required for efficient onset of leukemogenesis in sheep [5].
• Furthermore, confocal microscopy showed that the subcellular localization of G4 was profoundly affected by FPPS [5].
• Images of conventional (Watson-Crick base paired) and unconventional (G4 RNA) nucleic acid structures have been obtained by atomic force microscopy [12].
• Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy were applied to assess the thermodynamic changes caused by PAMAM G4 and G3,5 and to specify the exact location of these dendrimers into the DPPC lipid bilayer [9].

References