Disease relevance of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

• A procedure was developed to isolate a glycoprotein with precipitating antigen activity from fluids from fetal lamb kidney cell cultures persistently infected with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) [1].
• Strongest cross-reactivity was detected between HTLV-III/LAV pol- and gag- genes and STLV-IIIAGM, whereas no cross-reactivity was detected between STLV-IIIAGM and molecular clones of human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and -II), visna virus, bovine leukemia virus, or feline leukemia virus [2].
• Interleukin-12 p40 mRNA expression in bovine leukemia virus-infected animals: increase in alymphocytosis but decrease in persistent lymphocytosis [3].
• Sera obtained from 100% of cattle examined with clinically diagnosed lymphosarcoma contained high-titered antibody to 125I-labeled bovine leukemia virus glycoprotein, whereas sera from animals in a disease-free herd were antibody negative [4].
• In vitro detection of a specific complex of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) MA(p15) protein and the 5'-terminal RNA dimer led to the hypothesis that the NH2-terminal domain of retrovirus gag protein precursor is involved in the selective viral RNA packaging mechanism [5].

High impact information on Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

• Isolation of a precipitating glycoprotein antigen from cell cultures persistently infected with bovine leukemia virus [1].
• These particles, tentatively called bovine leukemia virus (BLV), have a high molecular weight RNA-reverse transcriptase complex and a density of 1.155 g/ml in sucrose solutions [6].
• Inhibition of the reverse transcriptase of bovine leukemia virus by antibody in sera from leukemic cattle and immunological characterization of the enzyme [7].
• This study demonstrates that the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) can infect in vitro cells of human, simian, bovine, canine, caprine, ovine, and bat origin [8].
• 2-Aza-1,N6-etheno-adenosine triphosphate (aza-epsilonATP), a fluorescent analog of adenosine triphosphate, significantly inhibits polyadenylate [poly(A)] polymerase of bovine lymphosarcoma and calf thymus, with 50% inhibition at 200 muM (in the presence of an equal concentration of adenosine triphosphate) [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

• Poly(A) polymerase has been extensively purified from low-salt extracts of bovine lymphosarcoma [10].
• Bovine lymphosarcoma tissue has been extracted with low- and high-salt buffers [0.05 M Tris-C1 plus or minus 0.3 M (NH4) 2S04] [11].
• The amino acid (157-197) peptide segment of bovine leukemia virus p34tax encompass a leucine-rich globally neutral activation domain [12].
• We investigated whether cell surface expression of a chimeric protein containing the cytoplasmic domain of the TM protein (CTM) of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) was regulated by two membrane-proximal dileucine motifs or by tyrosine Y487 or Y498 in YXXL motifs [13].
• Involvement of the cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein in bovine leukemia virus expression in vivo [14].

Biological context of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

• Previously we developed genetically simple derivatives of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) that can replicate in tissue culture independently of the BLV regulatory proteins, Tax and Rex, and the RIII and GIV open reading frames (K. Boris-Lawrie and H. M. Temin, J. Virol. 69:1920-1924, 1995) [15].
• Involvement of glutathione as a mechanism of indirect protection against spontaneous ex vivo apoptosis associated with bovine leukemia virus [16].
• Role of the proline-rich motif of bovine leukemia virus transmembrane protein gp30 in viral load and pathogenicity in sheep [17].
• Point mutation of p53 tumor suppressor gene in bovine leukemia virus-induced lymphosarcoma [18].
• Using purified bovine leukemia virus (BLV) integrase with liposome, we developed a highly efficient method for the site-specific integration of plasmid vectors into the genome of cultured mammalian cells [19].

Anatomical context of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

• B-lymphocyte proliferation during bovine leukemia virus-induced persistent lymphocytosis is enhanced by T-lymphocyte-derived interleukin-2 [20].
• G4 and p13(II) are accessory proteins encoded by the X region of bovine leukemia virus and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), respectively [21].
• No serological cross-inhibition of syncytium induction was found between HTLV and bovine leukosis virus, Moloney murine leukemia virus and simian sarcoma-associated virus [22].
• Altered interleukin-2 production by lymphocyte populations from bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle [23].
• The BL-3* cell line, originally derived from a case of sporadic bovine leukosis (non BLV-associated) but later infected with BLV in vitro, was found to contain BLV provirus and expressed the BLV-encoded envelope glycoprotein BLV-gp51 [24].

Gene context of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

• A mouse cDNA (mBLVR1) which was highly homologous to the bovine cDNA of the bovine leukemia virus receptor (BLVR) gene was cloned [25].
• Two cDNA clones have been isolated, from a bovine lymphosarcoma library, that encode the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha) [26].
• Here, we show that SHP-1 associates with the bovine leukemia virus transmembrane protein, gp30 [27].
• We have previously reported that p53 mutations frequently occur during bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-induced leukemogenesis in cattle but not in sheep [28].
• Lack of mutation in the WAF1/CIP1 gene during bovine leukemia virus-induced leukemogenesis [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Enzootic Bovine Leukosis

• Changes in titers of antibodies to protein and glycoprotein antigens of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) were investigated by immunodiffusion in two groups of cattle [29].
• Rabbit polyclonal antibodies were raised against synthetic peptides of the bovine leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein gp51 and tested against the full size protein by the Western blotting technique [30].
• A microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was developed for the measurement of bovine immunoglobulin G antibody specific to the envelope antigen (glycoprotein 60) of bovine leukemia virus [31].
• Vaccination of cattle with binary ethylenimine-treated bovine leukemia virus [32].
• PCNA protein was quantitated in this study, in lymphocytes from bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infected and non-infected sheep, using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) and silver staining [33].

References