Disease relevance of IGHG1

• The order of the 11 IGHC genes in the IGH-locus of the horse was determined to be 5'-M-D-G1-G2-G3-G7-G4-G6-G5-E-A-3', confirming previous studies using lambda phage clones, with the exception that the IGHG5 gene was found to be the most downstream-located IGHG gene [1].
• The aim of this investigation was to clarify whether IGHG genes are involved in the development of severe RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) [2].
• The variation of IGHG genes from chromosome 14q32 are linked to serum IgG subclass levels but also to the variations in IgG responses to pneumococcal, meningococcal and Haemophilus influenzae antigens [2].
• PURPOSE: Before recognizing mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) as a distinct entity, these patients were grouped into low-grade (LG) or intermediate-/high-grade categories (IGHG) according to the Working Formulation and received various therapies [3].
• In terms of survival, it behaves like IGHG subtypes, while in terms of progression-free survival, it behaves like LG lymphoma [3].

High impact information on IGHG1

• The breakpoints on the der(1) and der(14) chromosomes were mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization and Southern blot analysis and cloned using an IGHG (Cgamma) probe [4].
• In the IGHG group, patients received cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, teniposide (VM26), prednisone, vincristine, and bleomycin (CHVmP-VB) or modified doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide (VP 16), mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (ProMACE-MOPP) [3].
• The high degree of conservation shared between the nucleotide sequences of the IGHG7 and IGHG4 genes is unusual for the IGHG genes of the horse and suggests that these two genes duplicated most recently during evolution of the equine IGHG genes [1].
• In this study three new probes, identifying regions related to the IGHG (IGHPG and IGHSG) or IGHA (IGHAT) genes, have been employed to describe 11 different loci, 6 of which were polymorphic [5].
• Analysis of these and previously known IGHG RFLP in a sample of 65 unrelated subjects plus 15 families allowed us to draw a genetic map, with particularly high resolution in the GP-G2-G4 genes region, revealing a marked discontinuity in the linkage disequilibrium values between pairs of adjacent loci [5].

Biological context of IGHG1

• Vincent are more similar in IGHG (GM) haplotype distributions than are Trinidad and Belize populations [6].
• Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been described for all these IGHG genes, allowing us to define at least 15 RFLP alleles (N. Ghanem et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1988. 18:1059) [7].
• In this article, we determine unambiguously the Gm alleles and haplotypes and the associated RFLPs in French, Lebanese and Tunisian families, chosen for the various Gm phenotypes of their members, in order to correlate both these polymorphisms and to know the evolution of the IGHG multigene family [7].
• In order to define more precisely the polymorphism of the human immunoglobulin IGHG (C gamma) genes and, consequently, to understand the structure and evolution of this multigene family, we have investigated the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP) of the IGHG genes in 113 unrelated individuals and 18 families [8].
• The five human IGHG genes consist of three constant domain exons plus one of or four hinge exon(s), the quadruplicated hinge region being characteristic of the IGHG3 gene [9].

Anatomical context of IGHG1

• Dolphin Immunoglobulin G Heavy Chain (IGHG) sequences were obtained by PCR amplification of cDNA from peripheral blood leukocytes using degenerate primers [10].
• The alternative and functionally different gamma3, gamma1 and gamma2 gene variants are found in four IGHG haplotypes, coding four B cell variants [11].

Associations of IGHG1 with chemical compounds

• The Immunoglobulin G Heavy Chain (IGHG) genes of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus [10].

Other interactions of IGHG1

• The level of intraspecies heterogeneity was very high for IGHA genes, whereas IGHG genes were remarkably similar in all animals examined [12].
• Analysis of full-length sequences indicated the presence of two expressed isotypes, IGHG1 and IGHG2 that differ mainly in the hinge region of the molecule [10].
• Results obtained by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction show that the four IGHG genes are expressed at least at the mRNA level [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of IGHG1

• Genomic Southern blot analysis indicated that the IGHG1 and IGHG2 genes are most likely present in single copies [10].
• The genetic structure of the IGHG genes were deduced through genomic PCR and revealed that the hinge regions of both IGHG1 and IGHG2 are encoded by a single exon [10].
• IGHG1 typing for the allotypes z, x, a, f has been performed by using standard antisera provided by the Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service (Amsterdam) [14].
• RESULTS: MCL patients compared with IGHG subtypes showed a similar overall survival and response rate, but shorter duration of response and progression-free survival [3].
• Objective The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of different IGHG genes in relation to phenotypes associated with allergy, in a case-control study [11].

References