Disease relevance of RAD16

• The yeast Rad7/Rad16/Abf1 complex generates superhelical torsion in DNA that is required for nucleotide excision repair [1].

High impact information on RAD16

• Recently, we identified a stable subcomplex containing the yeast Rad7 and Rad16 proteins [2].
• Here, we report the identification of autonomously replicating sequence binding factor 1 (ABF1) as a component of the Rad7/Rad16 NER subcomplex [2].
• The Rad16 ATPase is important for NEF4 function in vivo, and genetic analysis uncovered new interactions between NEF4 and Rad23, a repair factor that links repair to proteasome function [3].
• Rad16 contains a RING domain embedded within its ATPase domain, and the presence of these motifs in NEF4 suggested that NEF4 functions as both an ATPase and an E3 ubiquitin ligase [3].
• This process may involve a unique protein complex which is distinct from the repairosome and which contains at least the Rad4, Rad7, and Rad16 proteins [4].

Biological context of RAD16

• The RAD7 and RAD16 genes, which are essential for pyrimidine dimer removal from the silent mating type loci, are also required for repair of the nontranscribed strand of an active gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [5].
• This gene has been identified as RAD16, a gene involved in the excision repair of DNA damage [6].
• In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two of these proteins, Rad7 and Rad16, are specifically involved in the removal of lesions from transcriptionally silent regions of the genome in vivo [7].
• Extracts prepared from rad7 or rad16 mutant cells are deficient, but not totally defective, in both oligonucleotide excision and repair synthesis of damaged plasmid DNA [7].
• The role of RAD16 in the repair of HML alpha might be to change the chromatin structure of silenced genes to provide access for excision repair enzymes [8].

Anatomical context of RAD16

• We have used a cell-free system to study the roles of the Rad7, Rad16, and Rad23 proteins in NER [4].

Associations of RAD16 with chemical compounds

• Defective thymine dimer excision in radiation-sensitive mutants rad10 and rad16 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae [9].

Physical interactions of RAD16

• We have recently shown that Sgs1p interacts with the DNA repair Rad16p protein and is epistatic to Rad16p for UVC, 4-NQO and H2O2 lesions [10].
• We previously isolated a stable heterotrimeric complex of Rad7/Rad16/Abf1 from yeast which functions in the conserved global genome repair (GGR) pathway [1].

Other interactions of RAD16

• Additionally, interaction between the Rad7 and Rad16 proteins was demonstrated in vitro [4].
• Finally, simultaneous deletion of RAD16, RAD26, and RPB9 resulted in no detectable repair in all sites along the region analyzed [11].
• The RAD3, RAD10 and RAD16 genes of this group are not involved [12].
• When the results obtained with the RPB2 gene can be generalized, the RAD7 and RAD16 proteins not only are essential for repair of silenced regions but also function in repair of nontranscribed strands of active genes in S. cerevisiae [5].
• Furthermore, using a cdc9 mutant to trap incision intermediates, we demonstrate that rad7 and rad16 mutants are proficient in NER-dependent DNA incision in vivo [7].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of RAD16

• Molecular cloning of RAD16, a gene involved in differential repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [8].
• The expression of beta-galactosidase from DNA damage-inducible RNR2-lacZ and RNR3-lacZ fusion constructs was compared in wild-type (WT) and pso5/rad16 mutant strains after treatment with five mutagens/oxidative stressors [13].
• Moreover, allelism between the pso5-1 and rad16 mutants was demonstrated by the comparison of mutagen sensitivity phenotypes, complementation tests, and by meiotic analysis [14].

References