Disease relevance of Cx3cl1

• We used a diet-induced rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatic insulin resistance to explore the impact of suppressing Acc1, Acc2, or both Acc1 and Acc2 on hepatic lipid levels and insulin sensitivity [1].

High impact information on Cx3cl1

• Malonyl-CoA, generated by acetyl-CoA carboxylases 1 and 2 (Acc1 and Acc2), is a key regulator of both mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and fat synthesis [1].
• Suppression of Acc1 also inhibited lipogenesis whereas Acc2 reduction had no effect on lipogenesis [1].
• While suppression of Acc1 or Acc2 expression with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) increased fat oxidation in rat hepatocytes, suppression of both enzymes with a single ASO was significantly more effective in promoting fat oxidation [1].
• Plasma ketones were significantly elevated compared with controls in the fed state but not in the fasting state, indicating that lowering Acc1 and -2 expression increases hepatic fat oxidation specifically in the fed state [1].
• Fractalkine (also known as CX3CL1), a CX3C chemokine, activates and attracts monocytes/macrophages to the site of injury/inflammation [2].

Associations of Cx3cl1 with chemical compounds

• In cultured preovulatory follicles, treatment with fractalkine also augmented progesterone production stimulated by hCG [3].

Biological context of Cx3cl1

• Fractalkine (CX3CL1) stimulated by nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent inflammatory signals induces aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation through an autocrine pathway [2].
• These studies suggest that pharmacological inhibition of Acc1 and -2 may be a novel approach in the treatment of NAFLD and hepatic insulin resistance [1].

Anatomical context of Cx3cl1

• Fractalkine (CX3CL1) and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) distribution in spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia under basal and neuropathic pain conditions [4].
• Spinal fractalkine (CX3CL1) is expressed by sensory afferents and intrinsic neurons, whereas its receptor (CX3CR1) is predominantly expressed by microglia [5].
• Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine involved in cell-cell interactions and in leukocyte chemoattraction [6].
• Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a chemokine which is expressed predominantly in the central nervous system, being localized on neurons, while its receptor, CX3CR1, is found on microglial cells [7].
• Fractalkine may be exerting these effects via IL-1 because fractalkine (CX3CL1) induced the release of IL-1 from acutely isolated dorsal spinal cord in vitro [8].

Other interactions of Cx3cl1

• Fractalkine (CX3C ligand-1; CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine expressed on the extracellular surface of spinal neurons and spinal sensory afferents [9].
• CXCL10 and CX3CL1 were significantly upregulated in allografts by day 3 post-transplant as compared to syngeneic grafts suggesting a role for these chemokines in the recruitment of effector cells to allografts [10].

References