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Gene Review

ilvB  -  acetolactate synthase 2 large subunit

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Synonyms: ECK3662, JW3646
 
 
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Disease relevance of ilvB

  • The ilvB locus of Escherichia coli K-12 is an operon encoding both subunits of acetohydroxyacid synthase I [1].
  • Regulation of expression of the ilvB operon in Salmonella typhimurium [2].
  • The valine toxicity of these ilvG mutants of S. typhimurium was overcome by increasing the level of acetohydroxy acid synthase I. Enzyme activity could be elevated either by maximally derepressing expression with severe leucine limitation, by introduction of either ilvB or crp on a multicopy plasmid, or by the presence of the ilv-513 mutation [2].
  • This activity is encoded by an ilvB gene belonging to a putative operon which contains genes highly similar to the genes of the branched chain amino acid (BCAA) operon of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis [3].
 

High impact information on ilvB

 

Chemical compound and disease context of ilvB

  • The ilvB gene of Salmonella typhimurium encodes the valine-sensitive form of acetohydroxy acid synthase, acetohydroxy acid synthase I, which catalyzes the first step in the parallel biosynthesis of isoleucine and valine [2].
  • Starvation for ilvB operon leader amino acids other than leucine or valine does not increase acetohydroxy acid synthase activity in Escherichia coli [7].
  • Instability of ilvB expression in E. coli was the consequence of a frequent IS5 insertion sequence in this gene [3].
 

Biological context of ilvB

 

Associations of ilvB with chemical compounds

  • Nucleotide sequence of the ilvB promoter-regulatory region: a biosynthetic operon controlled by attenuation and cyclic AMP [5].
  • 5. Expression of ilvB was shown to be nearly completely repressed by the end products leucine and valine [2].
  • This mutation, which is closely linked to genes encoding the phosphoenol pyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts), causes highly elevated expression of ilvB that is refractory to repression by leucine and valine, as is the major ilv operon [2].
  • C. crescentus strains resistant to the herbicide sulfometuron methyl, which is known to inhibit the action of certain acetohydroxyacid synthases in a variety of bacteria and plants, were shown to contain mutations at the ilvB locus, further suggesting that an acetohydroxyacid synthase gene resides at this locus [9].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ilvB

References

  1. The ilvB locus of Escherichia coli K-12 is an operon encoding both subunits of acetohydroxyacid synthase I. Friden, P., Donegan, J., Mullen, J., Tsui, P., Freundlich, M., Eoyang, L., Weber, R., Silverman, P.M. Nucleic Acids Res. (1985) [Pubmed]
  2. Regulation of expression of the ilvB operon in Salmonella typhimurium. Weinberg, R.A., Burns, R.O. J. Bacteriol. (1984) [Pubmed]
  3. Cloning of branched chain amino acid biosynthesis genes and assays of alpha-acetolactate synthase activities in Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. Cavin, J.F., Dartois, V., Labarre, C., Diviès, C. Res. Microbiol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  4. Attenuation of the ilvB operon by amino acids reflecting substrates or products of the ilvB gene product. Hauser, C.A., Hatfield, G.W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1984) [Pubmed]
  5. Nucleotide sequence of the ilvB promoter-regulatory region: a biosynthetic operon controlled by attenuation and cyclic AMP. Friden, P., Newman, T., Freundlich, M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1982) [Pubmed]
  6. Nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase, a lipid-activated flavoprotein. Grabau, C., Cronan, J.E. Nucleic Acids Res. (1986) [Pubmed]
  7. Starvation for ilvB operon leader amino acids other than leucine or valine does not increase acetohydroxy acid synthase activity in Escherichia coli. Tsui, P., Freundlich, M. J. Bacteriol. (1985) [Pubmed]
  8. Nucleotide sequence of the ilvB multivalent attenuator region of Escherichia coli K12. Hauser, C.A., Hatfield, G.W. Nucleic Acids Res. (1983) [Pubmed]
  9. Isolation and characterization of ilvA, ilvBN, and ilvD mutants of Caulobacter crescentus. Tarleton, J.C., Ely, B. J. Bacteriol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  10. Cloning and expression of the ilvB gene of Escherichia coli K-12. Newman, T., Friden, P., Sutton, A., Freundlich, M. Mol. Gen. Genet. (1982) [Pubmed]
 
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