Disease relevance of Parturient Paresis

• Recurring hypocalcemia of bovine parturient paresis is associated with failure to produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1].
• The findings suggested that high estradiol concentrations in late pregnancy inhibit bone resorption and predispose aged cows to parturient paresis [2].
• One of the clinical signs of ephemeral fever, a temporary paralysis reversible by treatment with calcium borogluconate, is similar to that in milk fever (parturient paresis), a disease of multiparous dairy cows [3].
• Average plasma calcium levels (mg/100 ml) before first calcium treatment, results of treatment, and the incidence of retained placenta in vitamin D3 injected cows did not differ significantly from corresponding data for cows with clinical parturient paresis which had not been given vitamin D3 before calving [4].

High impact information on Parturient Paresis

• These results demonstrate that parturient paresis cannot be the result of insufficient synthesis or secretion of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [5].
• In the present study, the case of parturient paresis of dairy cows is reexamined with a newly developed technique for the measurements of serum ionized magnesium concentrations (Mg2+) [6].
• Calcium and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D: inverse relation in cows with parturient paresis [7].
• CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the context of this experiment, clinoptilolite supplementation at 2.5% appeared to have reduced the incidence of parturient paresis in dairy cows, suggesting that its effectiveness depends on the amount incorporated in the ration of cows [8].
• The efficacy of calcium propionate for the prevention of parturient paresis (milk fever) was compared with that of calcium chloride using 194 cows that had experienced milk fever during the previous calving [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Parturient Paresis

• Use of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 to prevent bovine parturient paresis. VI. Concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D3 equivalence in milk [10].
• Administration of a precalving dose of calcium chloride gel is necessary to reduce the incidence of parturient paresis, but postcalving treatment alone has other beneficial effects [11].
• 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 plus 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 reduces parturient paresis in dairy cows fed high dietary calcium [12].
• Estrone was lower in cows with parturient paresis [13].
• During the entire sampling period, phosphorus and estradiol were similar in both groups while magnesium was higher and calcium lower in cows with parturient paresis [13].

Biological context of Parturient Paresis

• There were no significant differences in the incidence of parturient paresis in cows injected with vitamin D3 during the periods less than 2, 2--4, 5--8 and greater than 8 days before parturition [4].
• There is a diminished uptake of glucose by the tissues, a condition also found in parturient paresis of dairy cows when elevated hydrocortisone promotes insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia [14].

Anatomical context of Parturient Paresis

• Calcium chloride gel treatment also resulted in significantly reduced incidence of parturient paresis, parturient hypocalcemia, and displaced abomasum [11].
• The assayed values in the colostrum of the group with large amounts of vitamin D3 administered before delivery to prevent parturient paresis were higher than those in the group with no administration [15].
• IgG from cows with parturient paresis changes the thermodynamic behaviour of bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase [16].

Gene context of Parturient Paresis

• None of the cows treated with parathyroid hormone developed parturient paresis [17].
• The importance of prolactin in the pathogenesis of parturient paresis is not clear [2].
• This effect prompted an investigation into the potential use of IL-1 beta for prevention of parturient paresis, a disease of dairy cows characterized by hypocalcemia and poor osteoclastic resorption of bone [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Parturient Paresis

• Intramuscular injections of .1 mg in 2 ml propylene glycol and .3, .5, and 1.0 mg in 5 ml corn oil resulted in 0, 15.7, 20, and 0% incidence of parturient paresis compared with 33, 16.7, 37.5, and 37.5% incidence of parturient paresis in the controls [19].

References