Disease relevance of Abomasum

• Use of the D-xylose absorption test to measure abomasal emptying rate in healthy lactating Holstein-Friesian cows and in cows with left displaced abomasum or abomasal volvulus [1].
• D-xylose (0.5 g/kg body weight [BW], 50% solution) was injected into the abomasum in healthy cows (group 1, 4-7 days in milk [DIM], n = 7; group 2, 90-120 DIM, n = 7; group 3, > 300 DIM, n = 7) and in cows with LDA (n = 10; group 4) [1].
• Metabolic alkalosis occurred as a result of irreversible chloride loss, presumably into the abomasum and forestomachs [2].
• Clinical manifestations of anasarca, left displacement of the abomasum, abortion, and incoordination appeared in a group of heifers fed a vitamin A-deficient diet [3].
• The frequency of cows with high rectal temperatures (> or = 39.5 C) was significantly (P < 0.05) less in cows treated with oxytetracycline infusions; however, the frequency of displaced abomasum, ketosis, and mastitis was unaffected by treatment method [4].

High impact information on Abomasum

• In many experiments there was no effect on contraction frequency until the cessation of all reticulo-ruminal contractions at which point the maximal concentration of VFA recorded in the abomasum was 28 mM, and that of lactic acid was 20 mM [5].
• Net volumes of secretory fluids entering the abomasum and amounts of digesta flowing to the duodenum were estimated from changes in concentrations of water soluble markers (phenol red and polyethylene glycol) in digesta samples collected from an abomasal cannula [6].
• 2. Duodenal infusion of isosmolal solutions, containing glucose, fructose or galactose, with a range of combustible energy content (0--1.46 MJ/l.) resulted in the same high rate of emptying of test meals from the stomach (abomasum) [7].
• Gastrin-like activity in the forestomach, abomasum and intestine of the sheep [proceedings] [8].
• Significant up-regulations under estrogen treatment could be shown in abomasum for ERalpha (P<0.05) and in rectum for ERbeta (P<0.001) [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Abomasum

• Abomasal luminal pressure in cattle with abomasal volvulus or left displaced abomasum [10].
• Efficacy of fenbendazole, at doses of 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg of body weight, against inhibited early 4th-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi and other nematodes of the abomasum and intestinal tract, was investigated in naturally infected yearling heifers in late May 1982 [11].
• Brucella melitensis biotype 1 was isolated in pure culture from the lungs, liver, spleen, kidney, stomach contents, abomasum and brain of an aborted caprine (Boer goat) foetus in the district of Cullinan near Pretoria [12].
• The objectives of the studies reported on here were to isolate factors associated with arginine in abomasal fluid and to evaluate the association between arginine in abomasal fluid and left displaced abomasum (LDA), right displaced abomasum (RDA) or abomasal volvulus (AV) [13].
• The liver and kidney damage seen in this study, in contrast to the methemoglobinemia without liver and kidney lesions previously reported when sheep were given tannic acid by oral gavage (1), suggest that, in cases of natural poisoning, tannins are not released from plant material until it enters the abomasum [14].

Biological context of Abomasum

• 4. It is concluded that there is no significant secretion of lipolytic enzymes by the fundal mucosa and that the lipolysis of triglycerides in the abomasum of the preruminant calf is due predominantly to a lipolytic enzyme in saliva [15].
• This suggests that these products would have little value as a dietary source of glucose for ruminants if the release of glucose to the animal depended on acid hydrolysis in the abomasum [16].
• Continuous ruminal infusions of VFA (506 g/d) and abomasal infusions of dextrose (150 g/d) increased energy supply to the abomasum [17].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate aspartate transaminase (AST) activity and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration in blood obtained during the first or second postpartum (PP) week as tests for prediction of subsequent left displaced abomasum (LDA) diagnosis in dairy cows [18].
• The abomasum was furthest from the midline immediately after parturition [19].

Anatomical context of Abomasum

• The reticulo-rumen was the major site of absorption for the miserotoxin aglycone but the abomasum and the small intestine also had the capacity to absorb NPOH [20].
• Chloride secretion occurred in the omasum and more in the abomasum [21].
• Percentages of radioiodine doses cycled through the abomasum daily and recovered from digestive tracts at slaughter, respectively, were: 12 thyroid-intact cows, 468 and 77; two intact cows fed 10 g sodium thiocyanate daily,64 and 41; 10 thyroid-damagedcows, 506 and 149; and four thyroid-damaged cows fed 8 g thyroprotein daily, 372 and 93 [22].
• Treatments were: 1) control; 2) arginine injection into jugular vein, and 3) arginine infusion into abomasum [23].
• Position 4 labeled carbon-14 cholesterol was placed in abomasums (stomachs) of two lactating goats [24].

Associations of Abomasum with chemical compounds

• Quantitative mRNA analysis of eight bovine 5-HT receptor subtypes in brain, abomasum, and intestine by real-time RT-PCR [25].
• The luminal pressure was high in all cattle with AV and 49 (98%) cattle with left displaced abomasum [10].
• D-xylose was injected into the abomasum during right flank laparotomy in cows with LDA (n = 22; group 5) and cows with AV (n = 15; group 6) [1].
• 103Ruthenium and polyethylene glycol were given as flow markers, and flows (g/24 h) at the abomasum of organic matter (OM) and carbohydrate components were calculated [26].
• 1. Lactating grazing ewes, fistulated at the rumen and abomasum were either not supplemented or offered, individually, 600 g/d of either pelleted, molassed sugar-beet pulp ('energy' supplement) or a pelleted 1:1 (w/w) mixture of this feed and formaldehyde-treated soya-bean meal ('protein' supplement) [27].

Gene context of Abomasum

• The important findings include the presence of BPP-immunoreactive cells in the abomasum, pancreatic glucagon-immunoreactive cells in the proper gastric gland region, and substance P- and motilin-immunoreactive cells in the large intestine [28].
• MCT1 protein was visualized as a 43-kDa band on immunoblots of the membrane proteins prepared from the various regions examined, and it was more highly expressed in forestomach and large intestine than in abomasum and small intestine [29].
• Whereas the presence of adult worms rapidly induced changes in the secretory activity of the abomasum, the early larval stages had minimal effects up to the 4th day post-infection [30].
• Its position was established by determining the distance between the margin of the left side of the abomasum and the ventral midline at two sites [19].
• The abomasum secreted both chymosin and pepsin when the animals were fed milk [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Abomasum

• Comparison of abomasal luminal gas pressure and volume and perfusion of the abomasum in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum or abomasal volvulus [32].
• 3. In five experiments phenolic compounds, quinic acid or casein were infused into the rumen or abomasum of sheep and increments in urinary outputs of phenolic acids and phenols determined by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography [33].
• Proliferation in the gastric epithelium of bovine abomasum during foetal development as revealed by Ki-67 immunocytochemistry [34].

References